Antenna Array with Mutual Couplings

When calculating antenna array pattern for complete accuracy, the pattern of an array antenna must include the variations in the excitation currents as well as the pattern of each element acting under the influence of all coupling effects.

This is a difficult task if not impossible; however there are 2 techniques for addressing this problem, namely; isolated element and active element pattern approach.

In the isolated element pattern approach, the coupling effect is accounted for in the current excitation and is appropriate for very large arrays.

In the active element pattern approach, all coupling effects are accounted for through the active element.

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