Another Stealth Aircraft Vulnerability; Their Mach-1 Atmospheric Pressure Shock Wave
Tracking stealth and conventional aircraft from their air pressure signature.?
On March 10, 2022 I released an article which demonstrated a previously undisclosed technology which was able to passively detect and track the Space Shuttle Discovery reentry and landing in April 1990 from well over 1,000 kilometres away. We purposely kept this technology quiet for over 37 years as it was also capable of detecting and tracking all stealth aircraft. Adversarial countries have now caught up to the U.S. with their own 5th Generation stealth aircraft and surpassed them in the field of hypersonic missiles. The Space Shuttle is essentially a hypersonic glider during most of its landing trajectory and there is little difference between tracking the shuttle or a missile. This technology could provide the U.S. a clear advantage in this area to allow them to observe these stealth and/or hypersonic threats.
Without disclosing the technology, I did discuss what we were measuring; Air Ions and more particularly the propagation waves that move at 1/3 the speed of light when those air ions are disturbed by a high speed object.
Subsonic vulnerability?
There is another previously undisclosed method of tracking stealth aircraft, the change in atmospheric pressure. Donald Hings, inventor of the Walkie-Talkie in 1937 and recipient of the Order of Canada for this achievement developed numerous instruments in the 1980’s and 90’s to detect aircraft well over the horizon. While I have discussed the Air Ion wave propagation in a few recent articles , I did not mention his very sensitive atmospheric pressure instrument which was also able to detect aircraft over the horizon (OTH). The difference between the air ion instrument and the atmospheric pressure instrument is speed of the signal from the source. In the case of the atmospheric pressure sensor the speed was calculated from the doppler shift of the aircraft to be approximately 1,100 feet per second.?
The Sound Barrier
The sound barrier at sea level is approximately 760 miles per hour, this is also known as Mach 1. Any aircraft that can fly faster than Mach 1 is considered Supersonic and any aircraft that is unable to break the sound barrier is considered subsonic. Our atmospheric pressure detection / tracking signal from our charts was calculated to be 1,100 Feet Per Second = 1,207.008 kilometres per hour = 750 Miles per hour, the actual speed of sound is about 760 miles per hour at sea level. Given the room for error in our assessment, we anticipated we were in fact tracking a signal that was limited to Mach 1, the speed of sound. “These pressure waves travel at the speed of sound. ”
Shock Wave
If an aircraft breaks the sound barrier, there is a shock wave produced known as a sonic boom. The Concorde when flying supersonic produced a maximum sound of 105 decibels, equivalent to a thunderclap . This limits many supersonic aircraft to only operate above Mach-1 away from population zones.?
If an airframe is not designed for supersonic flight and it dives and surpasses that threshold, the shock wave will likely break apart the aircraft in flight.??
Supersonic flight is also problematic for some aircraft that are designed for those speeds such as the F-35, there were limits on how long a pilot would be able to fly at those speeds without damaging the special stealth (radar absorbing) coating and sensors at the rear of the aircraft.?
The B-2 Spirit stealth bomber aircraft was not designed for supersonic flight, relying on stealth to evade enemy detection rather than speed to get to target. This doesn’t mean that it’s slow, it is capable of high subsonic flight (1,010 km/h) about 213 km/h slower than Mach-1. The B-52 Stratofortress can fly at 1,046 km/h, 177 km/h slower than Mach-1.?
Heavy Bomber Survivability: Speed, Agility or Stealth
The B-1B Lancer could fly at Mach 1.2 at sea level and is the only heavy bomber in the U.S. fleet that could surpass the sound barrier. However, the B-1B could not cruise at that speed for extended periods and had to fly low to avoid radar detection, cruising speeds at low level were Mach 0.9 (1,080 km/h) , about 143 km/h slower than Mach-1.??
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B-21 Raider
The ageing fleets of the B-2 Spirit, B-1B Lancer and possibly even the B-52 Stratofortress are expected to be replaced by the new Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider stealth bomber , not yet released for public viewing, reports are that it has a similar look to it’s larger predecessor the Northrop Grumman B-2.
The B-21 Raider will rely on stealth rather than speed as the flying wing design is not capable of supersonic flight . The aircraft is expected to cost $729.25 million maximum per aircraft and require much less maintenance than the B-2. The B-2 by comparison comes out to a cost of over $2 billion per aircraft when you factor in the R&D component.?
The B-21 is likely to cost taxpayers at least $203 billion to develop, purchase, and operate 100 aircraft over a period of three decades . This figure is claimed to represent the most complete estimate for the Raider to date.??
So while this future all stealth bomber fleet may now to be vulnerable to OTH air ion wave propagation detection, perhaps that technology may be kept under wraps or even countered to a degree. The same is not true of atmospheric pressure, you can’t counter or hide the change in air pressure that a B-2 with a Maximum Gross Takeoff Weight: 336,500 lbs. has on our instruments. The smaller B-21 is expected to only carry half of the B-2’s 40,000 Ibs. payload, but it is still a heavy bomber and will have a significant impact to atmospheric pressure changes.
In order to outrun this pressure wave, the aircraft must travel faster than Mach-1. The B-21 will not have that capability, nor does the $2+ billion dollar B-2 or even the older B-52. If these aircraft are flying their fastest and they are designed for long range strikes, the pressure signal in the case of the B-2 will be traveling 213 km/h (132 miles per hour) faster than the aircraft. The pressure wave from a top speed B-52 would be traveling 177 km/h (110 mph) faster than the aircraft. This would provide plenty of time to detect, track and prepare defenses and because the system is passive, the aircrew would be unaware that they are being tracked.????
The U.S. Air Force states about the B-2 “Its capability to penetrate air defenses and threaten effective retaliation provides a strong, effective deterrent and combat force well into the 21st century. ”
Nuclear Deterrent
These bombers are a nuclear deterrent, not because they fly fast but that they can evade detection, radar detection to be precise.?
When you place all your eggs in one basket such as low observable stealth, over high speed such as the Mach 2.05 Russian Tu-160 Blackjack bomber with even more powerful engines going into their upgraded Tu-160M and a very sensitive air pressure sensor is able to detect all subsonic bombers, you might want to rethink how effective your fleet may be in the future.
Even subsonic missiles like the tomahawk cruise missile which flies at a maximum speed of 885 km (550 miles) per hour which is 338 km/h slower than Mach-1 now become very vulnerable to detection and tracking whereas they use low altitude to avoid radar detection as their main defense. This low altitude will not mask their air pressure signature
Helicopters and tilt rotors are particularly vulnerable to this Atmospheric Pressure (A/P) Shock Wave Detection due to their slower speeds:?
We were able to passively detect and track helicopters, private aircraft and airliners for up to an hour of flight time. I am not publicly releasing charts on these A/P tracks or images of the instrument as I do not want to publish at this time any proprietary information which could provide any data which could be used to duplicate this technology. In 2014 the DRDC (Defence Research and Development Canada) ruled that this technology is not classified.?
NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command) requested a white paper of our air ion wave propagation technology which I sent to them in early April 2022 and included charts using this atmospheric pressure detection technology. I now have permission from NORAD to provide that white paper to specific groups, with the following urgent comment: “Please forward to anyone (U.S. and Canadian agencies) that will listen”!
Chief Research Engineer at Quantum Technology Research Institute, Inc.
2 年Very interesting
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2 年Guy do you still live in the Tri-Cities area of Vancouver?
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2 年Guy...great Photos! Let's take it to the 'next-level'??? You know, it's 'molecular'...call me some time :-)
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2 年Reading this article Guy Cramer it’s amazing we’ve been able to design aircraft of this magnitude at all. I had no idea the impact it could - would - does have on the pilots and aircraft as well. As always, you share information that is highly informative and thought provoking!
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2 年A topic HVAC person learn in their 1st semester. Sensing instruments have been around since mid 1970s.