ANCIENT CHINA, as seen in....

ANCIENT CHINA

To this day China has over 3,500 years of written history and up to 5,000 years of known history. This is the longest continuous history and known timeline of any country in the world. A chronological order of China’s history began in 7000BC and ended in 1912AD. It started with several cultures the first of which was;?

The Peiligang Culture 裴李岗文化 (7000 to 5000 BC)

The Peiligang culture lined the central banks of the Yellow River in what is now Henan Province. These early people of central China are documented as the oldest Neolithic culture. They practised agriculture and even raised livestock, unlike many other societies at this time who still lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers. Remnants of advanced hunting tools have been found dating to this time, but more impressively the Peiligang people are believed to have fished and farmed carp. In addition to this they had an advanced knowledge of seeds, and an unparalleled ability to adapt their fields for dry seasons or floods. The Peiligang Culture also formed residential and separate burial areas; The first of which were not practised by other cultures for another 4000 years. The Peiligang Settlement has also revealed an advanced knowledge of building structures via compression methods, as well as being the first culture in the world to have made pottery.?

The Cishan Culture 磁山文化 (5400 to 5100 BC)

Whether the Cishan culture carried on, traded with or even visited Peiligang settlements remains a mystery. What is known is the Cishan culture built on and progressed Peiligang knowledge and skills. The Cishan culture is thought to have begun 400 years after the fall of the Peiligang, but contains many similar components and traits. They too had developed an advanced knowledge of farming and even employed tools like the sickle, knives and shovels to farm millet. Hand made pottery has also been found within their settlement, located in the North of China, now Hebei Province.

The Yangshao Culture 仰韶文化 (5000 to 3000 BC)

The Yangshao culture refers to a Neolithic community found along the middle stretch of the Yellow River. Located from Gansu Province to Hainan Province the Yangshao existed from 5000BC to 3000 BC. The Yangshao culture was first discovered in 1921 by the Swedish archaeologist, Johan Gunnar Andersson. Found in Yangshuo Village in Henan Province more than 1,000 remains of Yangshao culture were found successively. Most of the discoveries were based in North China's Shaanxi Province showing a large and well travelled culture. The Yangshao people grew rice and millet. They also farmed pigs, cattle and horses. The art of pottery making was also developed and refined. Excavated pottery shows us they knew how to paint, treat and process clay. Many of the remains look delicate and beautiful with painted animal and face designs.

The Longshan Culture 龍山文化 (5000 to 4000 BC)

The Longshan culture would overlap the Yangshao Culture and display many similar attributes. Most notably their knowledge on creating black pottery was superior to the Yangshao, with even more beautiful examples being found today in ceremonial burial sites. From the fall of the Longshan culture there is a missing period of some 2000 years in known history. What cultures or societies lived in this time is yet to be discovered, albeit as Longshan Population numbers decreased communities rapidy developed in the Song mountains and central Henan. Several known societies did grow in this time, notably the Erlitou culture, but are often overlooked with focus being placed on the early Xia Dynasty.

Overlooking speculation and imagination we can see that Chinese civilisation grew exponentially in the Bronze age. These 19 developments will have disturbed any remnants of archaeological evidence of what happened in this time. Those societies of this unknown time and there developments would also have been adopted or evolved into later era establishments. Therefore making it even harder to discover the truth of this time.

Link to *Across China in 250 Pages - Shipping included, can be found on Amazon.

Video - Neolithic China and Ancient Culture

Video - Yangshao Culture Video

Middle Kingdom, my new series very much incorporates the topics discussed in this article. If you found it interesting, then Middle Kingdom is certainly worth checking out.

With China opening at the end of this year, what better book to read for your flight, the fictitious MK series or the ultimate non-fiction guide - Across China in 250 Pages.

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