Allergy or Intolerance: What is the difference between the two?

Food Intolerance is a negative reaction to a certain food that does not involve the immune system, which distinguish it from food allergies. Unlike food allergies, which can cause severe reactions and are typically caused by immune system responding to specific proteins in food, food intolerances often involve difficulties digesting certain foods or components of foods. Common types of food intolerances:

Lactose Intolerance: the inability of properly digest lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products, leading to symptoms such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, and stomach cramps.

Gluten Sensitivity: some people may experience symptoms when they consume gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, without having celiac disease, which is autoimmune disorder.

Fructose Intolerance: difficulty digesting fructose, a sugar found in many fruits, honey, and some sweeteners, which can cause digestive discomfort.

Histamine Intolerance: an inability to break down histamine found in certain foods, leading to various symptoms such as headaches, hives, or digestive issues. Symptoms of Food Intolerance can vary widely and may include gastrointestinal issues (like gas, bloating, and diarrhea), headaches, fatigue, or skin problems. Managing food intolerances often involves avoiding certain foods or modifying one's diet. It's advisable for individuals suspecting they have a food intolerance to consult a Registered Dietitian, like myself, for proper diagnosis and guidance.

Food Allergy is a condition in which the immune system reacts abnormally to a substance (allergen) that is typically harmless to most people. This overreaction can lead to a range of symptoms, which can vary in severity from mild to life-threatening.

Common Allergies:

Food Allergies: Big 9: Milk, Fish, Eggs, Shellfish, Tree Nuts, Peanuts, Wheat, Soybeans, and Sesame.

Environmental Allergies: Pollen, pet dander, mold spores, dust mites, and certain chemicals can trigger allergic reactions.

Insect Allergies: Venom from sting of bees, wasps, or fire ants can cause severe allergic reactions in some individuals.

Medication Allergies: certain medications, such as penicillin or other antibiotics can trigger allergic response.

Symptoms of Allergies: the symptoms of allergy can vary depending on the type of allergen and the individual but often include: sneezing, itchy, runny, or stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, skin rashes or hives, stomach pain, nausea or diarrhea, shortness of breath, wheezing or coughing, anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction that requires immediate medical attention. Mechanism of Allergies: When a person with an allergy is exposed to an allergen, their immune system mistakenly identifies it as a threat and produces antibodies (Immunoglobulin-E or IgE)to fight it. This leads to release of chemicals, including histamine, which cause the allergic symptoms. Management of allergies: typically focuses on avoiding known allergens and treating symptoms. In some cases, allergy testing can help identify specific triggers. For severe allergies, particularly food allergies or insect allergies, carrying an epinephrine auto-injector (like Epi-Pen) is advised to treat anaphylactic reactions quickly.

Understanding the differences between food allergies and food intolerances is essential for proper management and prevention. While food allergies can pose serious health risks, food intolerance are generally manageable through dietary changes. Awareness and education can empower individuals to make informed choices, leading to a healthier and more enjoyable life.