Algorithm Challenge: Distinct Pairs

Given an array of integers and a positive integer k, find all distinct pairs of elements whose difference equals k.

We hope you're ready to tackle another exciting algorithm challenge from a recent Goldman Sachs data scientist interview. This week’s question will test your understanding of arrays and pair-finding techniques.

Approach Hints:?

To help you work through this problem yourself, here are a few pointers:

1. Understanding the problem

The core task is to find unique pairs whose difference equals a given number, k. You’ll need to account for both positive and negative numbers as well as duplicates in the array.?

2. Using a dictionary for efficient lookups

A dictionary (hashmap) is a useful tool for storing counts of numbers as you iterate through the array. This allows you to efficiently check for the existence of num + k and num - k during the second loop.?

3. Avoiding duplicate pairs

Since both (a, b) and (b, a) can technically be valid pairs, it’s important to use a set to store the pairs and check that you haven’t added a pair in reverse order.?

4. Edge cases

Be mindful of edge cases like an empty array, an array where all elements are duplicates, or a situation where k = 0.

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