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The average quantity of greenhouse gases released during the production of the energy delivered to the grid is known as the emission factor of the grid. This amount is often stated in grams of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of power. It is simply a measurement of the electrical mix's "cleanliness" in a certain location.

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In the energy sector and electrical design, the grid's emission factor is important for several reasons:

1. This makes it possible to calculate the carbon footprint associated with power usage accurately. For businesses and organizations looking to cut emissions and meet sustainability targets, this is crucial.

2. Integration of renewable energy sources: Determining the effect of integrating solar and wind energy depends on knowing the existing emission factor of the grid. Through the substitution of renewable energy sources for fossil fuel-based production, the grid's total emission factor may be decreased.

3. Policy and planning: Grid emission characteristics have an impact on energy policies and regulations about emissions reduction objectives and clean energy incentives. Additionally, they shift resources toward cleaner-generating technologies by serving as a roadmap for grid planning and investment choices.

4. Electrical design optimization: Being aware of the grid's emission factor may help in making electrical design decisions. One way to reduce the environmental effect of power usage is to design buildings with energy-efficient features and consider low-carbon electricity sources.

5. Transparency and accountability: By making grid emission parameters transparent, stakeholders and customers can hold energy suppliers responsible for their environmental performance and make educated decisions about their energy consumption.

Extra Points:

? Depending on the region, fuel type utilized to generate energy, and time of day, grid emission factors might vary considerably.

? The grid emission factor may be calculated using a variety of methods, which might result in reported numbers that differ.

? It is crucial to choose the right data sources and methods based on the particular context and goal of the computation.

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Studies and government papers have indicated Bangladesh's grid emission factor, which ranges from 412 gCO2e/kWh to 570 gCO2e/kWh. Below is a summary of many sources:

? The UNFCCC's Harmonized IFI Default Grid Factors 2021 v3.0: For Bangladesh, this dataset offers a default grid emission factor of 412 gCO2e/kWh.

? Department of Environment (DoE) of Bangladesh's Grid-Emission-Factor (GEF): The national grid emission factor during six years is reported to vary between 530 and 570 gCO2e/kWh in the Bangladeshi DoE publication.

? Carbon footprint calculation for Bangladesh's electrical production (2009–2015): This research determines a national grid emission factor with a greater range of 530–570 gCO2e/kWh.

? The estimated national grid emission factor is 0.71.

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Grid emission factors are not subject to specified permissible levels defined by agencies such as the IPCC, IEC, or others. Nonetheless, they give methods and sources of data for computing these variables, along with advice on how to interpret the results. This is a synopsis:

? IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change): This organization offers methods for figuring out how much greenhouse gas emissions come from energy systems, such as the production of electricity. They do not, however, specify permissible grid emission factor values.

? International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC): The IEC does not establish emission factor criteria; instead, it creates global standards for electrical and electronic technology.

? World Bank: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of greenhouse gas reduction solutions, the World Bank offers a tool called the GHG Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC), which incorporates data on grid emission factors.

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Bangladesh has a comparatively high grid emission factor as compared to wealthy nations. This is mainly due to the dominance of fossil fuels, especially natural gas, in the mix used to generate energy in the nation. Bangladesh is currently exploring alternative energy sources, including wind and solar power. It is anticipated that over time, the grid emission factor will drop as the percentage of renewable energy sources rises. Comprehending the exact grid emission factor for a given place and time frame in Bangladesh is essential for precise computations of carbon footprints and for making decisions about energy consumption and emissions mitigation.

???? ????????????????????, the grid's emission factor is a critical component in assessing the environmental effects of electricity production and use, helping to steer policy decisions toward a more sustainable and clean energy future. The paper emphasizes how important it is for decision-makers to consider the grid emission component when making decisions about cleaner, more sustainable energy sources in the future. It offers perspectives that will be useful to industry experts and those who are dedicated to decarbonization initiatives.