Abstraction in OOPs

I am Naimish Trivedi, I have a far experience in native and hybrid programming. I have presented the programming concept here in a simple and easy way from my experience. This will be very useful for beginner Devs and Students.

We have seen Polymorphism in previous article now in this article, we will learn about Abstraction in OOPs.

Abstraction in Java is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that involves hiding the implementation details of a class while exposing only the necessary features to the outside world. It allows developers to create complex systems by focusing on what an object does rather than how it does it. In Java, abstraction is typically achieved using abstract classes and interfaces.

There are two ways to achieve abstraction in java

1. Abstract class
2. Interface

Abstract Classes:

An abstract class in Java is a class that cannot be instantiated directly and may contain one or more abstract methods. An abstract method is a method declared without an implementation (i.e., without a body). Abstract classes can also contain concrete methods with defined implementations. Subclasses of an abstract class must implement all the abstract methods defined in the superclass unless the subclass itself is declared abstract.

For Example :

Interfaces:

An interface in Java is a reference type that contains only abstract methods, constant variables, and default methods. It provides a way to achieve full abstraction in Java because it allows a class to inherit behaviors from multiple interfaces. A class can implement one or more interfaces by providing implementations for all the methods declared in those interfaces.

For Example :

Benefits of Abstraction :

• Encapsulation of implementation details.
• Code reusability through inheritance and interface implementation.
• Flexibility in designing and extending classes.
• Modularity and easier maintenance of code.
• Promotion of loose coupling between components.

Abstraction in Java enables developers to create more modular, flexible, and maintainable code by focusing on essential behaviors and hiding unnecessary implementation details. It is a key principle of OOP and plays a crucial role in designing robust and scalable software systems.

That's it for now.

Thanks,

Stay tuned for another chapter on OOPs Concept.