Absence of Major Studies on Traditional Nigerian Architecture Since Z. R. Dmochowski: A Critical Exploration

The study of traditional Nigerian architecture especially in Nigeria by Nigerians remains one of the most underexplored fields in African cultural heritage and architectural history. Since the monumental works of Zbigniew R. Dmochowski, particularly his seminal An Introduction to Nigerian Traditional Architecture, there has been a significant void in comprehensive research on this subject. Dmochowski's work, published in the 1990s, remains the most cited and thorough exploration of Nigeria’s vernacular architecture, documenting diverse regional styles, techniques, and cultural significances. However, over three decades later, his work has yet to be matched or expanded upon in scope, depth, or impact. This article examines the reasons behind this gap and its implications for preserving Nigeria’s architectural heritage.

Dmochowski’s Legacy and Contributions

Dmochowski’s study stands as a cornerstone for understanding the architectural heritage of Nigeria. His meticulous documentation spanned various ethnic groups, including the Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, and others, detailing their distinct construction techniques, materials, and the cultural context of their designs. His focus on the use of indigenous materials like mud, thatch, and timber showcased sustainable architectural practices long before they became a global concern. The breadth of his work is ?unparalleled, offering insights into both residential and ceremonial architecture.

Despite its monumental nature, Dmochowski’s work is far from exhaustive. Then it presented a starting point for further research rather than a definitive conclusion especially today. Unfortunately , subsequent studies have failed to build upon his foundation.

Barriers to Advancing the Study of Traditional Nigerian Architecture

1.Neglect of Cultural Heritage in Academia and Policy

One of the primary reasons for the lack of significant follow-up studies is the neglect of cultural heritage research within Nigeria's academic and policy frameworks. Funding for humanities and cultural studies is often deprioritized, with a stronger focus placed on STEM fields. This marginalization of architectural heritage is reflected in the lack of dedicated research grants, institutional support, or interdisciplinary collaboration.

2.Urbanization and Loss of Traditional Knowledge

The rapid urbanization of Nigeria has led to the erosion of traditional architectural practices. As younger generations migrate to urban areas, the transmission of indigenous knowledge systems—essential for understanding and preserving traditional construction methods—has dwindled. The physical structures themselves are also disappearing, replaced by modern buildings that often disregard the cultural and environmental contexts of their locations.

?3.The Bias Towards Western Architectural Frameworks

Architectural education and practice in Nigeria have predominantly adopted Western frameworks, sidelining the value of traditional systems. This bias perpetuates a perception that traditional architecture is outdated or irrelevant, further discouraging research into its significance.

4. Limited Publication and Accessibility

Dmochowski’s work is not widely accessible, particularly to Nigerian scholars and architects. The high cost and limited circulation of the volumes mean that they are often unavailable in local libraries or institutions. This restricts the ability of interested researchers to build upon his findings.

5.Inadequate Interdisciplinary Approaches

The study of traditional Nigerian architecture requires a multidisciplinary lens, integrating anthropology, history, environmental science, and engineering. However, the fragmentation of academic disciplines in Nigeria has hindered such collaborative efforts. Researchers often lack the support needed to conduct fieldwork or engage in cross-disciplinary dialogues.

6.The Need for Renewed Focus and Action

The absence of major studies on traditional Nigerian architecture since Dmochowski underscores the need for a renewed focus on this vital aspect of Nigeria’s cultural identity. Future efforts must address the barriers outlined above by:

?1.Prioritizing Funding and Institutional Support: Dedicated funding for architectural heritage research can encourage scholars to undertake comprehensive studies. Institutions must also create programs or centers focused on traditional architecture.

2.Documenting and Digitizing Existing Structures: Modern technologies such as 3D scanning and GIS mapping can be used to document remaining traditional structures, creating digital archives for future research.

3.Promoting Awareness and Education: Efforts should be made to incorporate traditional Nigerian architecture into educational curricula and public discourse to instill its value in younger generations.

4.Encouraging Interdisciplinary Research: Collaboration between architects, historians, and anthropologists can provide a richer understanding of the cultural and technical aspects of traditional buildings.

Conclusion

The lack of major studies on traditional Nigerian architecture since Z. R. Dmochowski represents a missed opportunity to preserve and celebrate an essential part of Nigeria’s cultural heritage. As the forces of urbanization and modernization continue to reshape the Nigerian landscape, the need for comprehensive research and conservation efforts has never been more urgent. By addressing the challenges inhibiting progress in this field, future generations can ensure that the legacy of traditional Nigerian architecture is not only preserved but also reintegrated into contemporary architectural practices.

References

Dmochowski, Z. R. (1990s). An Introduction to Traditional Nigerian Architecture. Ethnographica.

Osasona, C. (2007). Habitat, Environment, and the Nigerian Cultural Landscape: A Sustainable Quest for Architectural Identity. Journal of Environmental Design and Management.

Falola, T., & Salm, S. J. (2004). Urbanization and African Cultures. Carolina Academic Press.