Designing a Software Project Using Waterfall and Scrumban Frameworks at ORION INC: A Case Study

Introduction

In the fast-paced world of software development, choosing the right project management methodology is crucial for success. At ORION INC, we understand that different projects have different needs. This article explores how we can design a software project using two distinct frameworks: the Waterfall model and the Scrumban framework. By analyzing both methodologies, we aim to illustrate their implementation and the potential benefits they bring to our organization. We will also present a case study to highlight the differences and outcomes of using these methodologies.

Waterfall Framework

The Waterfall model is a traditional, linear approach to project management. It is characterized by its structured and sequential phases, where each phase must be completed before moving on to the next. Here’s how ORION INC can design a software project using the Waterfall framework:

1. Project Initiation

Objectives and Scope:

• Define Project Goals: Clearly outline what the project aims to achieve, ensuring they align with ORION INC's strategic objectives.
• Scope Definition: Specify the boundaries of the project, including what will and won’t be included. This helps in managing expectations and preventing scope creep.
• Stakeholder Identification: Identify all stakeholders, such as clients, end-users, the project team, and management. Understand their needs, expectations, and how they will be involved.

Feasibility Study:

• Technical Feasibility: Assess the availability and adequacy of the technology and resources required.
• Economic Feasibility: Conduct a cost-benefit analysis to ensure the project is financially viable.
• Operational Feasibility: Determine if the organization can support the project operationally once completed.

Requirements Gathering:

• Requirement Elicitation: Use techniques like interviews, surveys, and workshops to gather requirements from stakeholders.
• Requirement Documentation: Document the requirements clearly and comprehensively in a Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document.
• Requirement Validation: Ensure the requirements are feasible, complete, and agreed upon by all stakeholders.

2. Project Planning

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS):

• Task Breakdown: Decompose the project into smaller, manageable tasks, each with a clear outcome.
• Hierarchical Structure: Create a hierarchical structure showing how tasks are subdivided, aiding in tracking and management.

Timeline and Schedule:

• Gantt Charts: Use Gantt charts to visualize the project timeline, showing start and end dates for each task.
• Milestones: Identify key milestones to track progress.
• Critical Path Method (CPM): Use CPM to identify the longest sequence of dependent tasks and ensure the project stays on track.

Resource Allocation:

• Identify Resources: List all resources needed, including team members, equipment, and materials.
• Assign Tasks: Allocate tasks based on skills, availability, and experience.
• Resource Leveling: Adjust assignments to avoid overloading team members and ensure efficient use of resources.

Budgeting:

• Cost Estimation: Estimate costs for each task and aggregate them to determine the total project cost.
• Budget Allocation: Allocate the budget across different phases and tasks as needed.
• Cost Control: Implement controls to monitor spending and manage the budget throughout the project lifecycle.

3. Project Execution

Task Assignment:

• Clear Assignments: Ensure each team member understands their tasks and responsibilities.
• Kickoff Meeting: Hold a kickoff meeting to align everyone on the project goals, timeline, and individual responsibilities.

Progress Tracking:

• Project Management Tools: Use tools like Microsoft Project, JIRA, or Trello to track progress and manage tasks.
• Status Meetings: Hold regular status meetings to review progress, address issues, and adjust plans as needed.

Quality Assurance:

• Quality Plan: Develop a quality management plan outlining the standards and processes to be followed.
• Reviews and Inspections: Conduct regular reviews and inspections of deliverables to ensure they meet required standards.
• Testing: Implement testing procedures (unit testing, integration testing, system testing) to identify and fix defects.

4. Project Monitoring and Controlling

Performance Metrics:

• KPIs: Define key performance indicators (KPIs) such as schedule variance, cost variance, and quality metrics.
• Dashboards: Use dashboards to provide a real-time view of the project’s progress against KPIs.

Risk Management:

• Risk Identification: Identify potential risks using techniques like SWOT analysis.
• Risk Analysis: Assess the impact and likelihood of each risk.
• Risk Mitigation: Develop strategies to minimize the impact of risks.
• Risk Monitoring: Continuously monitor risks and adjust mitigation plans as needed.

Change Control:

• Change Request Process: Establish a formal process for requesting and approving changes to the project scope, schedule, or budget.
• Impact Analysis: Analyze the impact of proposed changes on the project’s objectives and deliverables.
• Documentation: Document all changes and ensure they are communicated to all stakeholders.

5. Project Closure

Final Deliverables:

• Completion Check: Verify that all project deliverables are completed and meet the required standards.
• Acceptance: Obtain formal acceptance from stakeholders, usually through a sign-off process.

Documentation:

• Project Documentation: Compile all project documents, including plans, schedules, reports, and communications.
• Lessons Learned: Document lessons learned throughout the project to improve future project management practices.
• Final Report: Prepare a final project report summarizing the project’s outcomes, achievements, and any deviations from the plan.

Post-Implementation Review:

• Review Meeting: Conduct a post-implementation review meeting with key stakeholders to assess the project’s success.
• Feedback: Gather feedback on what went well and what could be improved.
• Closure Activities: Ensure all administrative activities, such as closing contracts and releasing project resources, are completed.

Scrumban Framework

The Scrumban framework is a hybrid approach that combines elements of Scrum and Kanban, offering flexibility and efficiency. Here’s how ORION INC can design a software project using the Scrumban framework:

1. Project Initiation

Objectives and Scope:

• Define Project Goals: Clearly outline the project’s objectives, ensuring alignment with ORION INC's strategic goals.
• Scope Definition: Specify the project’s boundaries, including what will and won’t be included.
• Stakeholder Identification: Identify all stakeholders and understand their needs and expectations.

Feasibility Study:

• Technical Feasibility: Assess the availability and adequacy of the necessary technology and resources.
• Economic Feasibility: Conduct a cost-benefit analysis to ensure financial viability.
• Operational Feasibility: Determine if the organization can support the project operationally once completed.

Requirements Gathering:

• Requirement Elicitation: Use techniques like interviews, surveys, and workshops to gather requirements from stakeholders.
• Requirement Documentation: Document requirements in a flexible, evolving backlog.
• Requirement Validation: Ensure the requirements are feasible, complete, and agreed upon by stakeholders.

2. Project Planning

Backlog Creation and Prioritization:

• Product Backlog: Create a product backlog with all user stories, tasks, and features.
• Prioritization: Prioritize items in the backlog based on business value, urgency, and stakeholder input.

Sprint Planning:

• Sprint Planning Meetings: Conduct sprint planning meetings to select items from the backlog for the upcoming sprint.
• Capacity Planning: Estimate the team’s capacity for the sprint and ensure it matches the workload.

Kanban Board Setup:

• Visual Workflow: Set up a Kanban board to visualize the workflow, with columns for different stages (e.g., To Do, In Progress, Done).
• WIP Limits: Define Work In Progress (WIP) limits for each stage to prevent bottlenecks and ensure a smooth flow.

3. Project Execution

Daily Standups:

• Daily Meetings: Hold daily standup meetings to discuss progress, identify roadblocks, and adjust plans as needed.
• Collaboration: Foster collaboration and communication within the team.

Task Management:

• Kanban Board: Use the Kanban board to manage tasks and track progress.
• Pull System: Implement a pull system where team members pull tasks from the backlog as they complete their current tasks.

Continuous Improvement:

• Retrospectives: Conduct regular retrospectives to reflect on what went well, what didn’t, and how to improve.
• Feedback Loops: Implement feedback loops to continuously improve processes and practices.

Quality Assurance:

• Quality Plan: Develop a quality management plan outlining the standards and processes to be followed.
• Reviews and Inspections: Conduct regular reviews and inspections of deliverables to ensure they meet required standards.
• Testing: Implement testing procedures (unit testing, integration testing, system testing) to identify and fix defects.

4. Project Monitoring and Controlling

Performance Metrics:

• KPIs: Define key performance indicators (KPIs) such as cycle time, lead time, and throughput.
• Dashboards: Use dashboards to provide a real-time view of the project’s progress against KPIs.

Risk Management:

• Risk Identification: Identify potential risks using techniques like SWOT analysis.
• Risk Analysis: Assess the impact and likelihood of each risk.
• Risk Mitigation: Develop strategies to minimize the impact of risks.
• Risk Monitoring: Continuously monitor risks and adjust mitigation plans as needed.

Change Control:

• Flexible Backlog: Maintain a flexible backlog to accommodate changes in requirements or priorities.
• Impact Analysis: Analyze the impact of proposed changes on the project’s objectives and deliverables.
• Documentation: Document all changes and ensure they are communicated to all stakeholders.

5. Project Closure

Final Deliverables:

• Completion Check: Verify that all project deliverables are completed and meet the required standards.
• Acceptance: Obtain formal acceptance from stakeholders, usually through a sign-off process.

Documentation:

• Project Documentation: Compile all project documents, including plans, schedules, reports, and communications.
• Lessons Learned: Document lessons learned throughout the project to improve future project management practices.
• Final Report: Prepare a final project report summarizing the project’s outcomes, achievements, and any deviations from the plan.

Post-Implementation Review:

• Review Meeting: Conduct a post-implementation review meeting with key stakeholders to assess the project’s success.
• Feedback: Gather feedback on what went well and what could be improved.
• Closure Activities: Ensure all administrative activities, such as closing contracts and releasing project resources, are completed.

Case Study: Project Phoenix at ORION INC

To better understand the differences between the Waterfall and Scrumban frameworks, let’s examine a real-world project at ORION INC—Project Phoenix, a software development initiative to create a new customer relationship management (CRM) system.

Waterfall Approach

Initiation:

Project Phoenix begins with a detailed feasibility study and requirement gathering phase. Stakeholders are interviewed, and a comprehensive Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document is created. The scope and objectives are clearly defined.

Planning:

A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is created, breaking down the project into smaller tasks. Gantt charts and milestones are developed to map out the project timeline. Resources are allocated, and a detailed budget is established.

Execution:

Tasks are assigned to team members, and a kickoff meeting is held. Progress is tracked using Microsoft Project, and regular status meetings are conducted. Quality assurance measures, including reviews and inspections, are implemented.

Monitoring and Controlling:

Performance metrics such as schedule variance and cost variance are monitored. Risks are identified and mitigated, and a formal change control process is in place. All changes are documented and communicated to stakeholders.

Closure:

Upon completion, final deliverables are checked against requirements, and formal acceptance is obtained. All project documentation is compiled, and lessons learned are documented. A post-implementation review is conducted.

Outcome:

The Waterfall approach ensures that Project Phoenix is completed on schedule and within budget. However, the rigidity of the process leads to challenges in accommodating late-stage changes, and some stakeholder needs evolve over time, requiring additional work post-launch.

Scrumban Approach

Initiation:

Project Phoenix starts with stakeholder interviews and requirement gathering. The requirements are documented in a flexible backlog, allowing for evolving needs. The scope and objectives are defined but remain adaptable.

Planning:

A product backlog is created, and items are prioritized based on business value and urgency. Sprint planning meetings are held to select items for the upcoming sprint, and capacity planning ensures the workload matches team capacity. A Kanban board is set up to visualize the workflow.

Execution:

Daily standup meetings foster collaboration and address roadblocks. Team members pull tasks from the backlog as they complete their current tasks. Regular retrospectives and feedback loops ensure continuous improvement.

Monitoring and Controlling:

Performance metrics such as cycle time and lead time are monitored using dashboards. Risks are identified and mitigated, and the backlog remains flexible to accommodate changes. All changes are documented and communicated.

Closure:

Final deliverables are checked, and formal acceptance is obtained. All project documentation is compiled, and lessons learned are documented. A post-implementation review is conducted, and feedback is gathered.

Outcome:

The Scrumban approach allows Project Phoenix to be flexible and adaptive, accommodating changes and evolving stakeholder needs. Continuous improvement and feedback loops lead to a high-quality product, though the project timeline requires constant adjustment.

Conclusion

Choosing the right project management methodology is critical for the success of software projects at ORION INC. The Waterfall model provides a structured, sequential approach ideal for projects with well-defined requirements and little expected change. On the other hand, the Scrumban framework offers flexibility and efficiency, making it suitable for projects with evolving requirements and a need for continuous improvement.

By understanding and implementing these methodologies, ORION INC can effectively manage diverse projects, ensuring timely delivery, high quality, and stakeholder satisfaction. The case study of Project Phoenix highlights the practical differences and outcomes of using these frameworks, demonstrating the importance of selecting the right approach for each project.

RECREATE WITH SYMBOLS AT HEADINHS SUBHEADINGS INSTEAD OF NUMBERS

Designing a Software Project Using Waterfall and Scrumban Frameworks at ORION INC: A Case Study

Introduction

In the fast-paced world of software development, choosing the right project management methodology is crucial for success. At ORION INC, we understand that different projects have different needs. This article explores how we can design a software project using two distinct frameworks: the Waterfall model and the Scrumban framework. By analyzing both methodologies, we aim to illustrate their implementation and the potential benefits they bring to our organization. We will also present a case study to highlight the differences and outcomes of using these methodologies.

Waterfall Framework

The Waterfall model is a traditional, linear approach to project management. It is characterized by its structured and sequential phases, where each phase must be completed before moving on to the next. Here’s how ORION INC can design a software project using the Waterfall framework:

? Project Initiation

Objectives and Scope:

• Define Project Goals: Clearly outline what the project aims to achieve, ensuring they align with ORION INC's strategic objectives.
• Scope Definition: Specify the boundaries of the project, including what will and won’t be included. This helps in managing expectations and preventing scope creep.
• Stakeholder Identification: Identify all stakeholders, such as clients, end-users, the project team, and management. Understand their needs, expectations, and how they will be involved.

Feasibility Study:

• Technical Feasibility: Assess the availability and adequacy of the technology and resources required.
• Economic Feasibility: Conduct a cost-benefit analysis to ensure the project is financially viable.
• Operational Feasibility: Determine if the organization can support the project operationally once completed.

Requirements Gathering:

• Requirement Elicitation: Use techniques like interviews, surveys, and workshops to gather requirements from stakeholders.
• Requirement Documentation: Document the requirements clearly and comprehensively in a Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document.
• Requirement Validation: Ensure the requirements are feasible, complete, and agreed upon by all stakeholders.

? Project Planning

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS):

• Task Breakdown: Decompose the project into smaller, manageable tasks, each with a clear outcome.
• Hierarchical Structure: Create a hierarchical structure showing how tasks are subdivided, aiding in tracking and management.

Timeline and Schedule:

• Gantt Charts: Use Gantt charts to visualize the project timeline, showing start and end dates for each task.
• Milestones: Identify key milestones to track progress.
• Critical Path Method (CPM): Use CPM to identify the longest sequence of dependent tasks and ensure the project stays on track.

Resource Allocation:

• Identify Resources: List all resources needed, including team members, equipment, and materials.
• Assign Tasks: Allocate tasks based on skills, availability, and experience.
• Resource Leveling: Adjust assignments to avoid overloading team members and ensure efficient use of resources.

Budgeting:

• Cost Estimation: Estimate costs for each task and aggregate them to determine the total project cost.
• Budget Allocation: Allocate the budget across different phases and tasks as needed.
• Cost Control: Implement controls to monitor spending and manage the budget throughout the project lifecycle.

? Project Execution

Task Assignment:

• Clear Assignments: Ensure each team member understands their tasks and responsibilities.
• Kickoff Meeting: Hold a kickoff meeting to align everyone on the project goals, timeline, and individual responsibilities.

Progress Tracking:

• Project Management Tools: Use tools like Microsoft Project, JIRA, or Trello to track progress and manage tasks.
• Status Meetings: Hold regular status meetings to review progress, address issues, and adjust plans as needed.

Quality Assurance:

• Quality Plan: Develop a quality management plan outlining the standards and processes to be followed.
• Reviews and Inspections: Conduct regular reviews and inspections of deliverables to ensure they meet required standards.
• Testing: Implement testing procedures (unit testing, integration testing, system testing) to identify and fix defects.

? Project Monitoring and Controlling

Performance Metrics:

• KPIs: Define key performance indicators (KPIs) such as schedule variance, cost variance, and quality metrics.
• Dashboards: Use dashboards to provide a real-time view of the project’s progress against KPIs.

Risk Management:

• Risk Identification: Identify potential risks using techniques like SWOT analysis.
• Risk Analysis: Assess the impact and likelihood of each risk.
• Risk Mitigation: Develop strategies to minimize the impact of risks.
• Risk Monitoring: Continuously monitor risks and adjust mitigation plans as needed.

Change Control:

• Change Request Process: Establish a formal process for requesting and approving changes to the project scope, schedule, or budget.
• Impact Analysis: Analyze the impact of proposed changes on the project’s objectives and deliverables.
• Documentation: Document all changes and ensure they are communicated to all stakeholders.

? Project Closure

Final Deliverables:

• Completion Check: Verify that all project deliverables are completed and meet the required standards.
• Acceptance: Obtain formal acceptance from stakeholders, usually through a sign-off process.

Documentation:

• Project Documentation: Compile all project documents, including plans, schedules, reports, and communications.
• Lessons Learned: Document lessons learned throughout the project to improve future project management practices.
• Final Report: Prepare a final project report summarizing the project’s outcomes, achievements, and any deviations from the plan.

Post-Implementation Review:

• Review Meeting: Conduct a post-implementation review meeting with key stakeholders to assess the project’s success.
• Feedback: Gather feedback on what went well and what could be improved.
• Closure Activities: Ensure all administrative activities, such as closing contracts and releasing project resources, are completed.

Scrumban Framework

The Scrumban framework is a hybrid approach that combines elements of Scrum and Kanban, offering flexibility and efficiency. Here’s how ORION INC can design a software project using the Scrumban framework:

? Project Initiation

Objectives and Scope:

• Define Project Goals: Clearly outline the project’s objectives, ensuring alignment with ORION INC's strategic goals.
• Scope Definition: Specify the project’s boundaries, including what will and won’t be included.
• Stakeholder Identification: Identify all stakeholders and understand their needs and expectations.

Feasibility Study:

• Technical Feasibility: Assess the availability and adequacy of the necessary technology and resources.
• Economic Feasibility: Conduct a cost-benefit analysis to ensure financial viability.
• Operational Feasibility: Determine if the organization can support the project operationally once completed.

Requirements Gathering:

• Requirement Elicitation: Use techniques like interviews, surveys, and workshops to gather requirements from stakeholders.
• Requirement Documentation: Document requirements in a flexible, evolving backlog.
• Requirement Validation: Ensure the requirements are feasible, complete, and agreed upon by stakeholders.

? Project Planning

Backlog Creation and Prioritization:

• Product Backlog: Create a product backlog with all user stories, tasks, and features.
• Prioritization: Prioritize items in the backlog based on business value, urgency, and stakeholder input.

Sprint Planning:

• Sprint Planning Meetings: Conduct sprint planning meetings to select items from the backlog for the upcoming sprint.
• Capacity Planning: Estimate the team’s capacity for the sprint and ensure it matches the workload.

Kanban Board Setup:

• Visual Workflow: Set up a Kanban board to visualize the workflow, with columns for different stages (e.g., To Do, In Progress, Done).
• WIP Limits: Define Work In Progress (WIP) limits for each stage to prevent bottlenecks and ensure a smooth flow.

? Project Execution

Daily Standups:

• Daily Meetings: Hold daily standup meetings to discuss progress, identify roadblocks, and adjust plans as needed.
• Collaboration: Foster collaboration and communication within the team.

Task Management:

• Kanban Board: Use the Kanban board to manage tasks and track progress.
• Pull System: Implement a pull system where team members pull tasks from the backlog as they complete their current tasks.

Continuous Improvement:

• Retrospectives: Conduct regular retrospectives to reflect on what went well, what didn’t, and how to improve.
• Feedback Loops: Implement feedback loops to continuously improve processes and practices.

Quality Assurance:

• Quality Plan: Develop a quality management plan outlining the standards and processes to be followed.
• Reviews and Inspections: Conduct regular reviews and inspections of deliverables to ensure they meet required standards.
• Testing: Implement testing procedures (unit testing, integration testing, system testing) to identify and fix defects.

? Project Monitoring and Controlling

Performance Metrics:

• KPIs: Define key performance indicators (KPIs) such as cycle time, lead time, and throughput.
• Dashboards: Use dashboards to provide a real-time view of the project’s progress against KPIs.

Risk Management:

• Risk Identification: Identify potential risks using techniques like SWOT analysis.
• Risk Analysis: Assess the impact and likelihood of each risk.
• Risk Mitigation: Develop strategies to minimize the impact of risks.
• Risk Monitoring: Continuously monitor risks and adjust mitigation plans as needed.

Change Control:

• Flexible Backlog: Maintain a flexible backlog to accommodate changes in requirements or priorities.
• Impact Analysis: Analyze the impact of proposed changes on the project’s objectives and deliverables.
• Documentation: Document all changes and ensure they are communicated to all stakeholders.

Project Closure

Final Deliverables:

• Completion Check: Verify that all project deliverables are completed and meet the required standards.
• Acceptance: Obtain formal acceptance from stakeholders, usually through a sign-off process.

Documentation:

• Project Documentation: Compile all project documents, including plans, schedules, reports, and communications.
• Lessons Learned: Document lessons learned throughout the project to improve future project management practices.
• Final Report: Prepare a final project report summarizing the project’s outcomes, achievements, and any deviations from the plan.

Post-Implementation Review:

• Review Meeting: Conduct a post-implementation review meeting with key stakeholders to assess the project’s success.
• Feedback: Gather feedback on what went well and what could be improved.
• Closure Activities: Ensure all administrative activities, such as closing contracts and releasing project resources, are completed.

Case Study: Project Phoenix at ORION INC

To better understand the differences between the Waterfall and Scrumban frameworks, let’s examine a real-world project at ORION INC—Project Phoenix, a software development initiative to create a new customer relationship management (CRM) system.

Waterfall Approach

Initiation:

Project Phoenix begins with a detailed feasibility study and requirement gathering phase. Stakeholders are interviewed, and a comprehensive Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document is created. The scope and objectives are clearly defined.

Planning:

A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is created, breaking down the project into smaller tasks. Gantt charts and milestones are developed to map out the project timeline. Resources are allocated, and a detailed budget is established.

Execution:

Tasks are assigned to team members, and a kickoff meeting is held. Progress is tracked using Microsoft Project, and regular status meetings are conducted. Quality assurance measures, including reviews and inspections, are implemented.

Monitoring and Controlling:

Performance metrics such as schedule variance and cost variance are monitored. Risks are identified and mitigated, and a formal change control process is in place. All changes are documented and communicated to stakeholders.

Closure:

Upon completion, final deliverables are checked against requirements, and formal acceptance is obtained. All project documentation is compiled, and lessons learned are documented. A post-implementation review is conducted.

Outcome:

The Waterfall approach ensures that Project Phoenix is completed on schedule and within budget. However, the rigidity of the process leads to challenges in accommodating late-stage changes, and some stakeholder needs evolve over time, requiring additional work post-launch.

Scrumban Approach

Initiation:

Project Phoenix starts with stakeholder interviews and requirement gathering. The requirements are documented in a flexible backlog, allowing for evolving needs. The scope and objectives are defined but remain adaptable.

Planning:

A product backlog is created, and items are prioritized based on business value and urgency. Sprint planning meetings are held to select items for the upcoming sprint, and capacity planning ensures the workload matches team capacity. A Kanban board is set up to visualize the workflow.

Execution:

Daily standup meetings foster collaboration and address roadblocks. Team members pull tasks from the backlog as they complete their current tasks. Regular retrospectives and feedback loops ensure continuous improvement.

Monitoring and Controlling:

Performance metrics such as cycle time and lead time are monitored using dashboards. Risks are identified and mitigated, and the backlog remains flexible to accommodate changes. All changes are documented and communicated.

Closure:

Final deliverables are checked, and formal acceptance is obtained. All project documentation is compiled, and lessons learned are documented. A post-implementation review is conducted, and feedback is gathered.

Outcome:

The Scrumban approach allows Project Phoenix to be flexible and adaptive, accommodating changes and evolving stakeholder needs. Continuous improvement and feedback loops lead to a high-quality product, though the project timeline requires constant adjustment.

Analysis of Graphs

1. Timeline Comparison

The Gantt chart for the timeline comparison reveals that both the Waterfall and Scrumban approaches experienced deviations from their planned timelines. However, the Scrumban framework showed more flexibility in adapting to changes, which helped it stay closer to its planned timeline despite minor deviations.

2. Cost Variance Over Time

The line graph illustrating cost variance over time indicates that the Waterfall approach had higher cost variances, especially as the project progressed. The Scrumban framework maintained better control over costs, showing a more gradual increase in variance.

3. Change Requests

The bar chart comparing change requests shows that the Scrumban approach had more change requests during the Execution phase. This is expected due to its iterative nature, allowing for more frequent adjustments. The Waterfall model had fewer change requests but struggled more with integrating them due to its rigid structure.

4. Quality Metrics (Defect Rates)

The line graph on defect rates highlights that the Waterfall approach experienced a steady increase in defects over time. In contrast, the Scrumban framework showed a peak followed by a decline in defects, indicating effective use of continuous improvement practices and iterative testing.

5. Stakeholder Satisfaction

The bar chart for stakeholder satisfaction shows that stakeholders were generally more satisfied with the Scrumban approach, especially during the Execution and Monitoring phases. The flexibility and responsiveness of Scrumban contributed to higher satisfaction levels.

Conclusion

Choosing the right project management methodology is critical for the success of software projects at ORION INC. The Waterfall model provides a structured, sequential approach ideal for projects with well-defined requirements and little expected change. On the other hand, the Scrumban framework offers flexibility and efficiency, making it suitable for projects with evolving requirements and a need for continuous improvement.

By understanding and implementing these methodologies, ORION INC can effectively manage diverse projects, ensuring timely delivery, high quality, and stakeholder satisfaction. The case study of Project Phoenix highlights the practical differences and outcomes of using these frameworks, demonstrating the importance of selecting the right approach for each project.