6 Frequent Factors Behind Dry Eyes You Should Recognize

Dry eyes can result from many factors, such as prolonged computer use, dry environments, allergies, or underlying medical conditions. Persistent symptoms like burning, stinging, or itching may indicate dry eye syndrome, also called keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Understanding the causes of dry eyes can help you manage the condition, protect your vision, and improve your quality of life. Here are six common causes of dry eyes you should know.

1. Autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and Sj?gren’s syndrome can contribute to dry eyes. For instance, Sj?gren’s syndrome targets glands that produce saliva and tears, leading to dryness in the eyes and mouth. Autoimmune conditions can also disrupt the balance of tears—composed of oil, water, and mucus—causing irritation and discomfort.

Another related condition is thyroid eye disease, also known as Graves’ eye disease. This occurs when the immune system attacks the tissues and muscles around the eyes. Dry eyes are a frequent complication of this condition. If you have an autoimmune disorder and experience dry eyes, it’s essential to work with your healthcare provider for proper treatment.

2. Aging

Aging impacts all parts of the body, including the eyes. By the age of 50, up to 30% of people experience dry eyes. Tear production naturally decreases with age, partly due to inflammation or blocked tear ducts. While age-related dry eyes can lower your quality of life, they are generally manageable with proper care and treatment.

3. Excessive screen time

Spending long hours on computers, smartphones, or other screens can lead to dry eyes. This happens because people tend to blink less frequently when focusing on screens. Blinking spreads tears evenly across the eye’s surface, keeping it moist.

Typically, you should blink 10 to 15 times per minute, but screen use can reduce this rate significantly. Reduced blinking causes tears to evaporate more quickly, resulting in dryness. This can also occur during activities that require intense focus, such as reading, driving, or sewing. Taking regular breaks and practicing the 20-20-20 rule—looking at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes—can help reduce screen-related dryness.

4. Contact lens use

Prolonged use of contact lenses is a common cause of dry eyes. Contact lenses can disrupt the tear film, which normally coats and protects the surface of the eyes. This can lead to symptoms like burning, irritation, or a gritty feeling. Switching to different types of lenses or reducing the time you wear them each day may help alleviate these symptoms. Consult an eye doctor to explore other options if contact lenses are contributing to your dry eyes.

5. Dry environments

Exposure to dry air can irritate the eyes and exacerbate dryness. People living in arid climates are particularly susceptible. Indoor environments with heating or air conditioning, such as workplaces, hospitals, or airplanes, can have similar effects. Additionally, wind, smoke, chemical fumes, and direct sunlight are common environmental irritants that can worsen dry eyes.

Using a humidifier at home or wearing protective eyewear outdoors can help reduce the impact of dry air on your eyes. Simple steps like staying hydrated and avoiding smoke-filled areas can also be beneficial.

6. Allergies

Allergies are a leading cause of dry eyes, particularly during seasons when pollen levels are high, such as spring. Allergies trigger inflammation and irritation, which can contribute to dryness. Many over-the-counter allergy medications, like antihistamines, may also worsen dry eyes by reducing tear production.

If you are prone to dry eyes and allergies, consider preventive measures. Use wrap-around glasses when working outdoors or install an air filter in your home to minimize allergen exposure. Discuss alternative medications with your doctor if allergy treatments are making your symptoms worse.

The bottom line

Dry eyes can be caused by a range of factors, including autoimmune conditions, aging, screen time, contact lens use, environmental factors, and allergies. Understanding these causes can help you take steps to alleviate symptoms and protect your vision. If you experience persistent dryness, consult an eye doctor for a thorough evaluation and personalized treatment plan. With proper care, you can maintain eye comfort and overall eye health.