5G Network Slicing

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Industry 4.0 Emerging Technology

Network Slicing

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The evolution to 5G core systems has typically passed through several steps. 5G networks are much more than just radio access networks.

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■ Network function applications were deployed as dedicated nodes with the close coupling of Hardware & Software with static capacity and element management features.

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■ It is about virtualization, i.e. separating software from the hardware infrastructure. This has the benefit of harmonizing execution platforms like data-center servers and networking equipment.

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■ The next important step is to use a software-defined infrastructure as the basis for network applications that are orchestrated from a central point. This allows for the automation of many steps of the application life cycle, e.g. onboarding, upgrades, scaling, etc.

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■ This step is about a 5G core. 5G core systems are deployed over a distributed cloud infrastructure where geographic distribution and separation are used to secure resilience and to ensure short latencies whenever needed. Network slices are defined and orchestrated to address specific services, industries, or market segments.

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Network Slicing in the simplest analogy is equivalent to creating a Service Lane, Fast Lane, and VIP Lane on a Highway on an end-to-end basis to treat different kinds of traffic in different ways., e.g. vacate the road for firefighting vehicles and ambulances.

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■ Network Slicing in the simplest analogy is equivalent to creating a Service Lane, Fast Lane, and VIP Lane on a Highway on an end-to-end basis to treat different kinds of traffic in different ways., e.g. vacate the road for firefighting vehicles and ambulances.

■ 5G network slicing is a network architecture that enables the multiplexing of virtualized and independent logical networks on the same physical network infrastructure.

■ Each network slice is an isolated end-to-end network tailored to fulfill diverse requirements requested by a particular application.

■ For this reason, network slicing technology assumes a central role to support 5G mobile networks that are designed to efficiently embrace a plethora of services with very different service level requirements.

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■ The realization of this service-oriented view of the network leverages the concepts of software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) that allow the implementation of flexible and scalable network slices on top of a common network infrastructure.

■ We can observe that threads of the Network Slicing are connected to 2G GSM GPRS technology days, where we have implemented the concept up to a certain extent by sharing network resources at different interfaces for different technologies and for different QoS Requirements.

■ However, most of these features were not implemented on an end-to-end basis and differentiate the traffic on an individual interface and that’s too most of the time at Air Interface only.

■ So, we can say that the concept of network slicing was started in the 2G GSM days when we impacted the QoS by implementing the Full Rate and Half Rate time Slots and reservation of a certain percentage of time slots for GPRS services.

■ These were the concept seeds sown at the air interface time slot level (2G) and grown up as a tree of Network Slicing at the end-to-end Network Level (5G).

■ With another kind of arrangement, Network Slice was introduced in the form of overlay and underlay networks, providing another form of network slicing since heterogeneous network resources were combined to create virtual networks over a common infrastructure.

■ In the context of mobile networks, network slicing evolved from the concept of RAN sharing that was initially introduced in WCDMA and LTE standards.

■ Examples of such technology are multi-operator radio access networks (MORAN) and multi-operator core networks (MOCN), which allow network operators to share common Network resources within the same radio access network (RAN).

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■ The concept of network slicing explores an end-to-end 5G system framework to build customized network slices.

■ A network slice is viewed as a logical end-to-end network that can be dynamically created.

■ A given User Equipment (UE) may access multiple slices over the same Access Network (e.g., over the same radio interface).

■ Each slice may serve a particular service type with an agreed-upon Service-level Agreement (SLA).

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■ A Network Slice is defined within a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) and includes the Core Network Control Plane and User Plane Network Functions as well as the 5G Access Network (AN).

■ The basic idea of network slicing is to "slice" the original network architecture in multiple logical and independent networks that are configured to effectively meet the various services requirements.

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■ Network functions: they express elementary network functionalities that are used as "building blocks" to create every network slice.

■ Virtualization: it provides an abstract representation of the physical resources under a unified and homogeneous scheme.

■ In addition, it enables a scalable slice deployment relying on NFV that allows the decoupling of each network function instance from the network hardware it runs on.

■ Orchestration: it is a process that allows coordination of all the different network components that are involved in the life cycle of each network slice.

■ In this context, SDN is employed to enable a dynamic and flexible slice configuration.

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■ The "one-size-fits-all" network paradigm employed in the past mobile networks (2G, 3G, and 4G) is no longer suited to efficiently address a market model composed of very different applications like machine-type communication, URLLC - ultra-reliable low latency communication, and enhanced mobile broadband content delivery.

■ One of the many reasons that network slices are so important is that the use cases for 5G networks are so diverse.

■ Each use required a different configuration of requirements and parameters in the network; each use case could require its own network slice.

■ Networks are being built in a flexible way so that speed, capacity, and coverage can be allocated in logical slices to meet the specific demands of each use case.

■ Network slicing emerges as an essential technique in 5G networks to accommodate such different and possibly contrasting Quality of Service (QoS) requirements exploiting a single physical network infrastructure.

■ Some of the most prominent benefits of the technology include increased efficiency due to the ability of network operators to allocate the needed resources per network slice, the reduction of network operators’ operating expenses (OpEx) and capital expenses (CapEx), and the improvement of operational efficiency and time to market for the delivery of 5G network services.

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■ Optimization per Customer

■ Optimization per Service

■ Improved Time to Market

■ Reduced Risk

■ Flexibility and Agility

■ Separation of Concerns

■ Greater Security

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■ Extreme (or enhanced) Mobile Broadband (eMBB). These applications are very video-centric consume a lot of bandwidth and will generate the most traffic on the mobile network.

■ Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC). This is more commonly known today as the Internet of Things, but at a much larger scale, with billions of devices being connected to the network. These devices will generate far less traffic than eMBB applications, but there will be many magnitudes more of them.

■ Ultra-reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC). These will allow for things like remote surgery or vehicle-to-X (v2x) communications and require MNOs to have mobile edge computing capacity in place.

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5G networks are much more than just radio access.

■ 5G systems are being built to enable logical network slices, which will allow operators to provide networks on an as-a-service basis and meet the wide range of use cases that next-generation networks.

■ The 5G network of the future will be an integration of cross-domain networks. Network slicing makes possible the creation of virtual networks using one common network infrastructure.

■ The implementation of network slicing provides an end-to-end solution for flexible infrastructure optimized to address diversified use cases with diverse requirements such as speed, connection, battery life, latency, and cost.?

■ Including both the core and radio access networks, each slice can be configured with its own network architecture, engineering mechanism, and network provisioning.

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■ In business terms, network slicing allows a mobile operator to create specific virtual networks that accommodate specific customers and use cases.

■ Certain applications - such as mobile broadband, machine-to-machine communications (e.g., in manufacturing or logistics), or smart cars - will benefit from leveraging different aspects of 5G technology.

■ One might require higher speeds, another low latency, and yet another access to edge computing resources. By creating separate slices that prioritize specific resources a 5G operator can offer tailored solutions to diversified industries.

■ Slicing can also enhance service continuity via improved roaming across networks, by creating a virtual network running on physical infrastructure that spans multiple local or national networks; or by allowing a host network to create an optimized virtual network that replicates the one offered by a roaming device's home network.

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■ A single network can be used to offer various services based on the requirements of the user and various use cases.

■ Network operators can allocate the right amount of required resources as per network slice. Hence, it helps in the effective and efficient utilization of resources.

■ For example, one network slice can be designed to deliver low latency & low data rate while the other network slice can be configured to deliver high throughput.

■ It helps network operators in reducing expenses (OPEX) and capital expenditure (CAPEX).

■ It vastly improves operational efficiency and time to market for the delivery of 5G network services.

■ It overcomes all the drawbacks of "DiffServ" which is the most popular QoS solution.

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KULDEEP KAUSHIK

THE INDUSTRY FOUR ?▌www.theindustryfour.org

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THE INDUSTRY FOUR

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A knowledge artifact by -?KULDEEP KAUSHIK

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