5 different types of EV batteries

Electric vehicles are fast becoming a preference for new consumers, which has shifted the attention of auto manufacturers toward green mobility. They are consistently engaged in research and development to come up with the best EV solution and offer products that consumers want. Battery, a key component of EVs, has always been at the centre since the transition to EV has begun. It is the battery that provides the requisite power to EVs and supports various features. It also ensures smooth EV functioning, maintains high performance, and protects from untoward incidents.

?Different battery chemistries, each coming with unique benefits and drawbacks, are used in the market today. To enhance the performance of vehicles, the industry is constantly working to improve battery technology, life cycle, and range. Let's take a deep dive into the advantages and disadvantages of 5 different battery types.

?Lithium-ion battery

?Due to numerous advantages, Lithium-ion batteries are the most preferred choice today. The high-density and low-weight batteries don’t add much to the weight of a vehicle. Due to their high range, they increase the mileage of the vehicles. The users also like these batteries because of their low charging time, making it easier for them to recharge without altering their travel plans. However, these batteries are expensive and increase the cost of vehicles.

?Lead-acid batteries

?These batteries are a cheaper option. The affordability factor makes them popular among consumers. There are many other advantages as well such as high output capacity, and easy availability in the market. Finding a battery solution at a competitive price is easier for consumers with these batteries. However, there are disadvantages as well that make consumers think twice before making a purchase decision. These batteries are not only heavier, but their weight-to-energy ratio is also low. The weight reduces vehicle performance in terms of mileage. Also, they are slow-charging batteries.

?Solid State Batteries

?These batteries use solid electrolytes instead of liquid ones. They come up with high energy density and longer life span than Li-ion batteries. They are lightweight and have excellent thermal stability. Due to their stable feature, they are less vulnerable to catching fire or other incidents. Also, they are fast rechargeable solutions. Today, they are in the experimental stage. And, their production cost is a concern.

?Lithium-ion Phosphate (LFP) Batteries

?These batteries use phosphate as an anode material and are popular in the EV segment. The longer life cycle and greater chemical stability than a Li-ion battery make these batteries a robust solution. Furthermore, other advantages include low self-discharge, quick charging, and low maintenance. However, their energy density is lower than Li-ion batteries and their performance under low temperatures is poor.

?Nickel-cadmium Batteries

?These batteries use nickel and cadmium as positive and negative electrodes respectively and come up with myriad advantages. They are resistant to extreme temperatures and can be used in different geographies. With higher power density, they can store more power per unit than lead-acid batteries. They also have a longer life cycle, faster recharge, and a high discharge rate. However, they are expensive and harmful to the environment.