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Database: A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS). Together, the data and the DBMS, along with the applications that are associated with them, are referred to as a database system, often shortened to just database.

Types of databases:

1.) Relational databases:

Items in a relational database are organized as a set of tables with columns and rows.

2.) Object-oriented databases:

Information in an object-oriented database is represented in the form of objects, as in object-oriented programming.

3.) Distributed databases:

A distributed database consists of two or more files located in different sites. The database may be stored on multiple computers, located in the same physical location, or scattered over different networks.

4.) Data warehouses:

A central repository for data, a data warehouse is a type of database specifically designed for fast query and analysis.

5.) NoSQL databases:

A NoSQL, or nonrelational database, allows unstructured and semistructured data to be stored and manipulated (in contrast to a relational database, which defines how all data inserted into the database must be composed).

6.) Graph databases:

A graph database stores data in terms of entities and the relationships between entities.

OLTP databases. An OLTP database is a speedy, analytic database designed for large numbers of transactions performed by multiple users.

Some of the latest databases include:

Open source databases:

An open source database system is one whose source code is open source; such databases could be SQL or NoSQL databases.

Cloud databases:

A cloud database is a collection of data, either structured or unstructured, that resides on a private, public, or hybrid cloud computing platform. There are two types of cloud database models: traditional and database as a service (DBaaS).

Multimodel database:

Multimodel databases combine different types of database models into a single, integrated back end. This means they can accommodate various data types.

Document/JSON database:

Designed for storing, retrieving, and managing document-oriented information, document databases are a modern way to store data in JSON format rather than rows and columns.

Self-driving databases:

The newest and most groundbreaking type of database, self-driving databases (also known as autonomous databases) are cloud-based and use machine learning to automate database tuning, security, backups, updates, and other routine management tasks traditionally performed by database administrators.

What is a database management system (DBMS)?

A database typically requires a comprehensive database software program known as a database management system (DBMS). A DBMS serves as an interface between the database and its end users or programs, allowing users to retrieve, update, and manage how the information is organized and optimized. A DBMS also facilitates oversight and control of databases, enabling a variety of administrative operations such as performance monitoring, tuning, and backup and recovery.

Some examples of popular database software or DBMSs include MySQL, Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, FileMaker Pro, Oracle Database, and dBASE.

What’s the difference between a database and a spreadsheet?

Databases and spreadsheets (such as Microsoft Excel) are both convenient ways to store information. The primary differences between the two are: Spreadsheets were originally designed for one user, and their characteristics reflect that. They’re great for a single user or small number of users who don’t need to do a lot of incredibly complicated data manipulation. Databases, on the other hand, are designed to hold much larger collections of organized information—massive amounts, sometimes. Databases allow multiple users at the same time to quickly and securely access and query the data using highly complex logic and language.

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SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language designed for managing data in a relational database. It's been around since the 1970s and is the most common method of accessing data in databases today.

SQL is great for performing the types of aggregations that you might normally do in an Excel pivot table—sums, counts, minimums and maximums, etc.—but over much larger datasets and on multiple tables at the same time.

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?? Allows users to access data in the relational database management systems.

?? Allows users to describe the data.

?? Allows users to define the data in a database and manipulate that data.

?? Allows to embed within other languages using SQL modules, libraries & pre-compilers.

?? Allows users to create and drop databases and tables.

?? Allows users to create view, stored procedure, functions in a database.

?? Allows users to set permissions on tables, procedures and views.

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1.) Which of the following is performed by Data Scientist?

a) Define the question

b) Create reproducible code

c) Challenge results

d) All of the mentioned

2.) Which of the following is the most important language for Data Science?

a) Java

b) Ruby

c) R

d) None of the mentioned

3.) Which of the following approach should be used to ask Data Analysis question?

a) Find only one solution for particular problem

b) Find out the question which is to be answered

c) Find out answer from dataset without asking question

d) None of the mentioned

4.) Which of the following is one of the key data science skills?

a) Statistics

b) Machine Learning

c) Data Visualization

d) All of the mentioned

5.) Which of the following is characteristic of Processed Data?

a) Data is not ready for analysis

b) All steps should be noted

c) Hard to use for data analysis

d) None of the mentioned

6.) The expected value or _______ of a random variable is the center of its distribution.

a) mode

b) median

c) mean

d) bayesian inference

7.) Which of the following of a random variable is a measure of spread?

a) variance

b) standard deviation

c) empirical mean

d) all of the mentioned

8.) The square root of the variance is called the ________ deviation.

a) empirical

b) mean

c) continuous

d) standard

9.) Which of the following inequality is useful for interpreting variances?

a) Chebyshev

b) Stautaory

c) Testory

d) All of the mentioned

10.) Chebyshev’s inequality states that the probability of a “Six Sigma” event is less than ___________

a) 10%

b) 20%

c) 30%

d) 3%

NOTE: The Answers Of These Questions Will Be Published In Next Week Magazine.

For More Query & Suggestions Contact:

Shivam Jaiswal

Data Science Enthusiastic | Student Placement Coordinator at ITS | Machine Learning | AI | Microsoft Azure | GitHub | Interested to Collaborate with New People | Experience in C, C++ & Python Programming

www.dhirubhai.net/in/shivamjaiswal99