2025 Key Updates in Science and Policy

From recent advances to challenges and ethical dilemmas that shape the scientific landscape, this article encompasses it all-from the intersection of science and policy. We cover all aspects, from AlphaFold3's release of revolutionary AI code and the disturbing reproducibility crisis in biomedical research to the lapses in financial conflict disclosures and changes in public health and environmental policies. In addition, we discuss how research chimpanzees are being moved to sanctuaries and also a rather exciting cosmic find dealing with galaxies coming in pairs. Taken altogether, each of these news items provides quite the broad vision of challenging interactions among innovation, regulation, and society.

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AlphaFold3 Code Released: A Breakthrough for Protein Prediction

In a long-awaited move, Google DeepMind just released the code for its super-advanced artificial intelligence software called AlphaFold3. Immediately, excitement erupted across the research community. AlphaFold3 was announced in Nature on May 8 for being able to predict protein structures and interactions with DNA, RNA, and other proteins in a way no other program has ever done-a major advance toward drug discovery and other scientific uses.

But that code was finally released more than six months after the presentation, to the frustration of many researchers. Critics said at that time that a lack of immediate access impeded reproducibility with only pseudocode and limited-use online portal available at that time. Now, on November 11, DeepMind released the complete code and model weights for non-commercial uses to allow the researchers to replicate the findings and build on them. The company also emphasized that at least a few groups had already reproduced AlphaFold3 from the pseudocode, itself demonstrating the reproducibility of the Nature paper.

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Biomedical Studies Face Reproducibility Crisis

A recent global survey of biomedical research has exposed a disturbing trend: replication failures. Published in PLOS Biology, the survey of 1,630 biomedical scientists included 880 who said they had attempted to replicate another researcher's work. Shockingly, 724 of those attempts failed, and nearly one-fourth of respondents admitted they couldn't reproduce their own experiments.

This survey underlines a wider problem: 72% of those responding to the survey agreed there was a reproducibility crisis in the field. Scientists said that intense pressure to publish along with a lack of institutional and funding support are key drivers of irreproducible studies into journals. These findings really echo a 2016 survey in Nature that reported similar concerns across multiple scientific disciplines.

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Financial Conflicts in Research Often Go Unflagged

A new study has exposed a surprising gap in the way financial conflicts of interest are disclosed in life sciences research. Published in PLOS ONE, the analysis examined 3,888 articles from 40 high-impact journals published in 2021 and 2022. The surprise conclusion: only 30% of the articles disclosed potential conflicts of interest, and just half of those disclosures were flagged in the National Institutes of Health's PubMed database.

Since 2017, PubMed has had a field for conflict-of-interest statements, in hopes of making those disclosures more transparent. But the study found that many journals don't use the feature very well. In an expanded analysis including 7,000 journals, just one-third submitted conflict-of-interest statements to PubMed - a factor some scientists consider important to the transparency and accountability of science publishing.

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Public Health Under Scrutiny: RFK Jr.'s Potential Impact

As Donald Trump gets to work, one of his first moves is to embolden a vaccine skeptic: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. The public health world goes into high alert. This is an environmental lawyer whose past proposals have included banning fluoride from public water supplies and dismantling key departments of the FDA. Lawrence Gostin, a specialist in public health law, describes this as "the darkest day for public health and science in my lifetime."

While the FDA and CDC enjoy a degree of independence from federal agencies, Kennedy's presence has the potential to blow vaccine policy off course and undermine confidence in public health measures. Public health systems operating at the state level might struggle to hang onto evidence-based vaccination mandates. Experts caution that this erosion of trust in public health guidance is going to continue, with the consequence of complicating efforts to address the pressing health challenges even further.

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Trump’s EPA Pick: Deregulation on the Horizon

President-elect Trump made a choice to lead the EPA that elicited sharp reactions. Now he's nominated Lee Zeldin, the former New York congressman, to helm the agency. Zeldin has been known for his deregulatory position and recently promised to "unleash American businesses" with environmental protection rollbacks.

Environmental watchdog groups sound the alarm, pointing to Zeldin's abysmal environmental voting record as their prime argument while in Congress. His nomination presages a rule of weakened critical climate policies and increased political interference in research programs at the EPA, says an advisory group; such actions warn of far-reaching ramifications on environmental health and safety.

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Chimps Relocated to Sanctuary After Longstanding Debate

The U.S. National Institutes of Health said it will relocate 23 retired research chimpanzees from a New Mexico facility to the Chimp Haven sanctuary in Louisiana. The move is in line with major steps toward ending invasive biomedical research on chimpanzees, which NIH officially declared over in 2015.

The decision comes after years of controversy. In 2019, NIH ruled too many chimps were too old or ill to move-a decision that generated outrage among animal welfare activists. Questions about staffing at the current facility ultimately proved the catalyst for the agency's change of heart. Chimp Haven expects the first arrivals to begin in early 2025 and plans other transfers for research chimps.

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Stroke Researcher Takes Leave Amid Misconduct Allegations

Prominent Alzheimer's and stroke researcher Berislav Zlokovic has been put on indefinite leave from the University of Southern California amid allegations of research misconduct. A year-long Science investigation found in many quarters a broad-spectrum concern about work overseen by Zlokovic, which has already caused a $30 million clinical trial to be canceled for a stroke drug candidate he helped develop.

Furthermore, the case required USC to refund approximately $2 million in funding allocated for the trial from the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The case sheds light on how challenging it is yet to maintain integrity in research, especially in high-stakes research, such as biomedical research.

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Cosmic Discovery: Dual Galaxies Create Compound Lens

Astronomers have caught a rare cosmic alignment-two lined-up galaxies commanding a compound gravitational lens. This peculiar configuration distorts and magnifies light coming from a distant quasar, a super-massive black hole spewing intense radiation.

In a new work, using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope and many other instruments, they studied six sharp images of the quasar, magnified up to 40 times. The zigzag path the light takes around the galaxies marks out a new tool for measuring the rate of expansion and history of the universe. The results are yet to be peer-reviewed and have been released as a preprint on arXiv. The study could have far-reaching implications for cosmology and the nature of dark matter.

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Conclusion

This eclectic mix of stories about scientific and policy developments underlines the opportunities and challenges that face both researchers and policymakers in this week's news. Tales of artificial intelligence advances, juxtaposed with ethical dilemmas and public health, raise a number of questions with regard to innovation, regulation, and societal consequence.

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