20 of the world's most attractive, magnificent and well-known Castles and Forts

Introduction

Castles and forts have been symbols of power, strength, and grandeur throughout history. From the towering walls of the Great Wall of China to the intricate design of the Alhambra in Spain, these structures have captivated people for centuries. Among the most well-known and magnificent castles and forts is the legendary Edinburgh Castle in Scotland, the majestic Neuschwanstein Castle in Germany, the iconic Tower of London in England, and the stunning Palace of Versailles in France. These impressive structures boast rich histories and unique architectural features, making them prime destinations for travellers and history enthusiasts from around the world. Whether you are interested in exploring the intricate details of medieval fortifications or simply admiring the grandeur of royal palaces, these castles and forts are sure to leave a lasting impression. https://youtu.be/-32U_6zaI7I

Pele? Castle in Sinaia, Romania

Pele? Castle is a stunning example of Neo-Renaissance architecture located in the town of Sinaia, Romania. It was commissioned by King Carol I of Romania in the late 19th century as a summer residence and was completed in 1883. The castle features over 160 rooms, including a grand hall, several dining rooms, and a breathtaking theatre. Its interior is adorned with intricate wood carvings, vibrant stained glass windows, and frescoes that depict scenes from Romanian folklore. The castle is surrounded by lush gardens and overlooks the picturesque Bucegi Mountains. It was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1993 and remains one of the most popular tourist attractions in Romania.

Chapultepec Castle in Mexico City, Mexico

Chapultepec Castle is a historic landmark located in Mexico City, Mexico. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most important cultural sites in the country. The castle is situated atop Chapultepec Hill, the highest point in the city. It was originally built as a summer residence for the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II in the 15th century and later served as a military academy and presidential residence.

The castle is a stunning example of Mexican Baroque architecture, with its pink stone walls and ornate decorations. Inside, visitors can explore the various rooms and halls, including the Throne Room, the Hall of Honor, and the Hall of Mirrors. There are also several museums located within the castle, including the National Museum of History, the National Museum of Art, and the National Museum of Anthropology.

The grounds of the castle are also a popular destination for visitors. The gardens are filled with lush vegetation, fountains, and sculptures, and offer a peaceful respite from the hustle and bustle of the city. The castle is also home to a zoo, an amusement park, and a lake, making it a great place to spend the day.

Chapultepec Castle is a must-see for anyone visiting Mexico City. It's rich history and stunning architecture makes it a truly unique and unforgettable experience.

Qaitbay Fort in Alexandria, Egypt

Qaitbay Fort is a magnificent fortress located in the city of Alexandria, Egypt. It was built in the 15th century by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qaitbay, on the site of the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria. The fort is a prime example of Mamluk architecture and is considered one of the most important defensive strongholds in Egypt.

The fort is built on a small peninsula, jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea, and is surrounded by water on three sides. It is made of limestone and has four towers, each of which has a unique shape and design. The towers are connected by high walls, which are adorned with decorative arches and embrasures.

Inside the fort, there are several different rooms and chambers, including a mosque, a cistern, and a prison. The mosque is particularly impressive, with its beautiful marble floors and intricate carvings. The cistern was used to collect rainwater, which was then distributed to the inhabitants of the fort. The prison, on the other hand, was used to house prisoners of war.

Today, Qaitbay Fort is a popular tourist attraction and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Visitors can explore the fort and its many chambers, and enjoy the stunning views of the Mediterranean Sea. It is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in history, architecture, or military fortifications.

Matsumoto Castle in Matsumoto, Japan

Matsumoto Castle, also known as the “Crow Castle” due to its black exterior, is a National Treasure of Japan and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Located in the city of Matsumoto in Nagano Prefecture, it is one of the most complete and beautiful original castles in Japan.

The castle was built in 1593 by the daimyo (feudal lord) of the Matsumoto Domain, Ishikawa Kazumasa. It is a flatland-style castle, which means it was built on a plain rather than on a hill or mountain. It is surrounded by a moat and has a five-story main keep, which is the oldest surviving original donjon (castle tower) in Japan. The castle is also surrounded by three smaller turrets, which are connected to the main keep by a series of corridors and gates.

The castle is known for its beautiful and unique architecture, which combines elements of both Japanese and European styles. The exterior of the castle is painted black, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the “Crow Castle”. Inside, the castle is decorated with beautiful wood carvings and paintings.

The castle is open to the public and is a popular tourist destination. Visitors can explore the castle grounds and climb up to the top of the main keep for a stunning view of the city. There is also a museum inside the castle, which houses artefacts from the castle’s history.

Matsumoto Castle is an important part of Japan’s history and culture and is a must-see for anyone visiting the area.

Bojnice Castle in Bojnice, Slovakia

Bojnice Castle, located in the town of Bojnice in Slovakia, is a world-renowned heritage site that attracts thousands of visitors each year. The castle, which dates back to the 12th century, features stunning Gothic-Renaissance style architecture with intricate detailing and exquisite artwork.

The castle is surrounded by beautiful gardens, a lovely park, and a lake that adds to its charm. The interior of the castle is equally impressive, with opulent furnishings, antique collections, and ancient weaponry on display. The castle's most famous room is the Golden Hall, which features stunning frescoes and a beautiful chandelier.

Bojnice Castle is also famous for hosting various events and festivals throughout the year, including the International Festival of Ghosts and Spirits, which is a unique celebration of Slovakian folklore and traditions.

Overall, Bojnice Castle is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in history, art, and culture. Its stunning architecture, beautiful surroundings, and rich history make it a truly unique and unforgettable experience.

Chateau de Chenonceau in Chenonceaux, France

The Chateau de Chenonceau is a magnificent architectural masterpiece located in the Loire Valley, France. It was built during the Renaissance period and is known for its unique blend of Gothic and Renaissance styles. The castle spans across the River Cher and has beautiful gardens surrounding it.

The castle has a rich history, having been owned by several influential women over the years, including Catherine de Medici and Diane de Poitiers. It served as a hospital during World Wars I and II and was also used to hide artwork from the Nazis.

Visitors can explore the castle's many rooms, including the grand gallery, which spans across the river and is decorated with beautiful tapestries and paintings. The bedrooms are also ornately decorated with antique furniture and artwork.

The castle's gardens are also a must-see attraction, featuring a maze, a rose garden, and a vegetable garden. Visitors can also take a boat ride along the river to get a unique perspective of the castle from the water.

The Chateau de Chenonceau is a true gem of French heritage and is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in history, architecture, and beautiful gardens.

Fasil Ghebbi in Gondar, Ethiopia

Fasil Ghebbi is a world heritage site located in the city of Gondar, Ethiopia. It is a fortified royal enclosure that was built by Emperor Fasilides in the 17th century and is one of the most important sites in the country. The enclosure is surrounded by a high stone wall and contains a number of royal palaces, churches, monasteries, and other structures.

The most impressive structure within the enclosure is the Fasilides Castle, which was built in the 1640s and is the largest and most impressive of the royal palaces. The castle is a two-story structure with a large central courtyard and a number of smaller rooms and chambers. The walls are decorated with colourful frescoes and the ceilings are adorned with intricate wood carvings.

The other structures within the enclosure include several churches, including the Church of Debre Berhan Selassie, which is the most famous of the churches and is known for its beautiful interior and exterior decorations. There are also several monasteries, including the Qusquam Monastery, which is the oldest of the monasteries and is known for its beautiful gardens and courtyards.

Fasil Ghebbi is a popular tourist destination and a great place to explore the history and culture of Ethiopia. The site is open to the public, and visitors can explore the various structures and learn about the history of the area.

Nakhal Fort in Nakhal, Oman

Nakhal Fort is a magnificent piece of architecture located in the town of Nakhal, Oman. It is a world heritage site that dates back to the 17th century, and it is considered one of the most important historical landmarks in the country. The fort was built strategically on a rocky outcrop, overlooking the surrounding valley and mountains, giving it a commanding position.

The fort has been beautifully restored, and visitors can admire its stunning architecture, intricate carvings, and ornate decorations. The fort's walls, towers, and gates are made of solid stone, and it is surrounded by a deep moat, which adds to its defensive capabilities. Inside, visitors can explore the various rooms, halls, and courtyards, which have been designed to reflect the fort's rich history.

One of the most impressive features of the fort is the central tower, which offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape. Visitors can climb to the top of the tower and take in the breathtaking scenery, which includes the nearby mountains, the town of Nakhal, and the surrounding desert.

The fort also houses a museum, which showcases a range of artifacts, historical documents, and traditional Omani costumes. Visitors can learn about the fort's history, as well as the culture and traditions of Oman.

In addition to its historical and cultural significance, Nakhal Fort is also a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors from around the world. It is a must-visit for anyone interested in history, architecture, or culture, and it offers a unique glimpse into the rich heritage of Oman.

Red Fort in Delhi, India

The Red Fort, also known as the Lal Qila, is a 17th-century fort complex located in the city of Delhi, India. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1638 and served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors until 1857. The fort is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most popular tourist attractions in India.

The Red Fort is a massive structure, measuring about 2.41 km in circumference and surrounded by a moat. The walls of the fort are made of red sandstone and are about 33 meters high. The fort has two main entrances, the Lahori Gate and the Delhi Gate. Inside the fort, there are several buildings, including the Diwan-i-Aam, the Diwan-i-Khas, the Moti Masjid, the Hammam, and the Rang Mahal.

The Diwan-i-Aam is a large hall where the emperor would meet with the public. The Diwan-i-Khas is a smaller hall where the emperor would meet with his courtiers. The Moti Masjid is a mosque built by Aurangzeb and is one of the most beautiful structures in the fort. The Hammam is a bathhouse where the emperor and his courtiers would bathe. The Rang Mahal is a palace where the emperor's wives and concubines would live.

The Red Fort is a symbol of India's rich cultural heritage and a popular tourist destination. It is also a reminder of the Mughal Empire's power and influence in India. The fort is open to the public, and visitors can explore the various buildings and monuments within the fort.

Chateau de Chambord in Chambord, France

The Chateau de Chambord is a grand French Renaissance chateau located in the commune of Chambord, in the Loir-et-Cher department of France. It is the largest chateau in the Loire Valley and is one of the most recognizable chateaux in the world due to its distinct French Renaissance architecture, which blends traditional French medieval forms with classical Italian structures. The chateau was built between 1519 and 1547 by King Francis I of France as a hunting lodge and was intended to be a grandiose statement of his power and wealth.

The chateau is composed of a central keep with four immense towers at each corner, surrounded by a series of four inner and eight outer defensive walls. The walls are punctuated by a series of towers, turrets, and pavilions. The main entrance is located on the east side and is marked by a grand double staircase. Inside, the chateau is composed of 440 rooms, 282 fireplaces, and 84 staircases. The most iconic feature of the chateau is the double helix staircase located in the centre of the building, which was designed by Leonardo da Vinci.

The chateau is surrounded by a large park and a series of formal gardens. The park is composed of a series of paths, ponds, and canals, and is home to a variety of wildlife. The formal gardens are composed of a series of terraces, parterres, and fountains.

The Chateau de Chambord is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the most visited tourist attractions in France. It is a symbol of French Renaissance architecture and a testament to the power and wealth of the French monarchy.

Pena National Palace in Sintra, Portugal

The Pena National Palace is a magnificent 19th-century palace located in the charming town of Sintra, Portugal. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is known for its colorful exterior, which features a combination of Gothic, Moorish, and Renaissance architectural styles. The palace was built on the ruins of an old monastery, and it served as a summer residence for the Portuguese royal family until the early 20th century.

The palace is surrounded by a lush forest and offers stunning views of the surrounding countryside. Visitors can explore the palace's ornate interior, which includes grand halls, opulent bedrooms, and intricate tilework. Some of the highlights of the palace include the Arab Room, which is decorated with intricate plasterwork and tiles, and the Throne Room, which features a beautiful stained glass window.

In addition to the palace itself, visitors can also explore the surrounding gardens, which are filled with exotic plants and hidden pathways. The gardens offer several viewpoints from which visitors can take in the stunning views of the palace and the surrounding landscape.

Overall, the Pena National Palace is a must-see destination for anyone visiting Portugal. Its unique blend of architectural styles, stunning views, and rich history make it a truly unforgettable experience.

Neuschwanstein Castle in Schwangau, Germany

Neuschwanstein Castle is a 19th-century Romanesque Revival palace located in Schwangau, Germany. It was built by King Ludwig II of Bavaria as a retreat and as a tribute to Richard Wagner, the famous composer. The castle is situated on a rugged hill above the village of Hohenschwangau near Füssen in southwest Bavaria, Germany.

The castle is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is often referred to as the "fairy tale castle" due to its resemblance to a castle from a storybook. The castle is a mix of Romanesque and Gothic architecture, with turrets, towers, and spires. It is decorated with frescoes, paintings, and carvings.

The castle has two courtyards, the Upper and Lower Courtyards. The Upper Courtyard is the main entrance to the castle and is surrounded by a wall with a gatehouse. The Lower Courtyard is the inner courtyard of the castle and is surrounded by the castle walls.

The castle has two main buildings, the Palas and the Marienbrucke. The Palas is the main building of the castle and it is where the King lived. It has a large hall, a chapel, and a throne room. The Marienbrucke is a bridge that connects the Palas to the Marienburg, a smaller building that was used as a guesthouse.

The castle also has a number of other buildings, including the Bergfried, a tower that was used as a lookout point, and the Hohenschwangau, a palace that was used as a summer residence.

The castle is surrounded by a beautiful landscape of forests, meadows, and lakes. It is a popular destination for visitors from all over the world who come to admire its beauty and take in its history.

Castel del Monte in Andria, Italy

Castel del Monte is a 13th-century castle located in the town of Andria in the Apulia region of Italy. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is considered one of the most impressive examples of medieval architecture in Europe. The castle was built by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in the 1240s and is an octagonal structure with eight towers. The castle is surrounded by a large park and is situated on a hilltop overlooking the surrounding countryside.

The castle is made of limestone and marble and is decorated with intricate carvings and sculptures. The interior of the castle is divided into two floors, with the upper floor containing a large central hall and four smaller rooms. The lower floor contains a chapel, a kitchen, and a few other rooms. The castle also has a large courtyard and a drawbridge.

The castle is a popular tourist attraction and is open to the public. Visitors can explore the castle’s interior and exterior, as well as the surrounding park. There are also guided tours available, which provide more information about the castle’s history and architecture

Frederiksborg Castle in Hiller?d, Denmark

Frederiksborg Castle is a stunning Baroque palace located in Hiller?d, Denmark. It was built in the early 17th century by King Christian IV and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The castle is situated on three islands in the middle of a lake and is surrounded by a beautiful park and gardens.

The castle is made up of four wings, each with its own unique style. The main wing is the King's Wing, which is a magnificent example of Renaissance architecture. The other wings are the Queen's Wing, the Prince's Wing, and the Bishop's Wing. The castle is also home to a large collection of art, including works by Rembrandt and Rubens.

The castle is open to the public, and visitors can explore the many rooms and galleries. There are also guided tours available, which provide an in-depth look at the history and architecture of the castle.

The grounds of the castle are also worth exploring. The gardens are filled with beautiful flowers and trees, and there are several sculptures and fountains. There is also a small zoo, which is home to a variety of animals.

The castle is a popular tourist destination, and it is easy to see why. It is a stunning example of Baroque architecture, and the grounds are filled with beauty and history. It is definitely worth a visit if you are ever in Hiller?d, Denmark.

Windsor Castle in Windsor, England

Windsor Castle is a world-renowned heritage site located in the town of Windsor, England. It is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world, with a rich history that spans over 1,000 years. The castle was originally built by William the Conqueror in the 11th century and has since been the residence of 39 monarchs. The castle is a stunning example of Gothic architecture and is surrounded by beautiful gardens and parks. Visitors can explore the State Apartments, which house an impressive collection of art and furnishings, and witness the Changing of the Guard ceremony. The castle is also home to St. George's Chapel, a magnificent example of medieval architecture, where many royal weddings and funerals have taken place. Visiting Windsor Castle is an unforgettable experience that offers a glimpse into the rich history and culture of England's monarchy.

Edinburgh Castle in Edinburgh, Scotland

Edinburgh Castle is a historic fortress located in the heart of Edinburgh, Scotland. It is a World Heritage Site and one of the most visited tourist attractions in the country. The castle has a long and turbulent history, having been the site of many battles and sieges over the centuries.

The castle is perched atop an extinct volcano, giving it a commanding view of the city and the surrounding countryside. It is surrounded by a series of defensive walls and towers, which have been added to and modified over the years. The most prominent feature of the castle is the 12th-century St. Margaret's Chapel, which is the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh.

The castle is home to the Scottish National War Memorial, which commemorates the lives of those who have died in service of their country. It also houses the Honours of Scotland, the oldest crown jewels in the British Isles. The castle also contains the Stone of Destiny, a symbol of Scottish nationhood.

The castle is open to the public, and visitors can explore the many rooms and towers, as well as the grounds. There are also guided tours available, which provide an in-depth look at the history of the castle and its many stories.

Edinburgh Castle is an iconic symbol of Scotland and a must-see for anyone visiting the city. It is a testament to the country's turbulent past, and a reminder of the strength and resilience of the Scottish people.

Himeji Castle in Himeji, Japan

Himeji Castle is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in the city of Himeji, Japan. It is considered one of the finest surviving examples of Japanese castle architecture and is renowned for its beauty and historical significance. The castle was originally built in the 14th century but underwent several periods of reconstruction, the most notable being in the 17th century, when it was expanded and fortified with additional structures and defences. The castle complex includes a number of impressive features, such as the main keep, which rises to a height of over 100 feet and is connected to other buildings by a series of gates and bridges. The castle is also surrounded by a moat and a series of walls and fortifications, which were designed to protect against attack. Visitors to Himeji Castle can explore the various buildings and structures, including the living quarters of the lord and his retainers, as well as the castle's impressive gardens, which feature a variety of plants and trees, including cherry blossoms and Japanese maples. Overall, Himeji Castle is a must-see destination for anyone interested in Japanese history and architecture.

Vianden Castle in Vianden, Luxembourg

Vianden Castle is a majestic medieval fortress located in the town of Vianden, Luxembourg. This stunning piece of architecture dates back to the 10th century and has a rich history of being occupied by various rulers and families throughout the ages. It was once considered one of the most important feudal residences of the Ardennes region, and the castle's strategic location allowed it to serve as a military stronghold during times of war.

Today, the castle is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular tourist attraction. Visitors can explore the castle's many rooms, halls, and towers, which are adorned with intricate carvings, sculptures, and furnishings from different historical periods. The castle also houses a museum that showcases the history and culture of the region, as well as a restaurant and gift shop.

One of the most impressive features of the castle is its stunning views of the surrounding landscape. Perched atop a hill overlooking the town of Vianden and the Our River, the castle offers a breathtaking panorama of the surrounding countryside. Visitors can also take a scenic chairlift ride up to the castle, which offers stunning views of the river and the castle from above.

Overall, Vianden Castle is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in history, architecture, and natural beauty. It's a true gem of Luxembourg and a testament to the country's rich cultural heritage.

Bran Castle in Bran, Romania

Bran Castle, located in Bran, Romania, is a national monument and landmark in Transylvania. It is also known as "Dracula's Castle" due to its association with the fictional character Count Dracula. The castle is situated on the border between Transylvania and Wallachia and is a popular tourist attraction in Romania.

The castle was built in the 13th century by the Teutonic Knights and was later used as a fortress to protect the region from invading forces. It was also used as a customs post for merchants travelling between Transylvania and Wallachia. In the 15th century, the castle was given to the Bran family, who held it until the 20th century.

The castle is a Gothic-style structure with a tall tower and a courtyard surrounded by walls. Inside the castle, visitors can explore the various rooms, including the Great Hall, the Knight's Hall, the Chapel, and the Queen's Bedroom. The castle also features a museum, which displays artefacts from the castle's history, including weapons, furniture, and artwork.

Bran Castle is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Romania. It is a symbol of Transylvania and is often associated with the legend of Count Dracula. The castle is open to visitors year-round and offers guided tours, as well as special events such as concerts and festivals.

Schwerin Castle in Schwerin, Germany

Schwerin Castle is a stunning example of 19th-century German architecture, located in the city of Schwerin in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The castle is situated on an island in the middle of Schwerin Lake and is surrounded by a picturesque park. It is one of the most important monuments of the state and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The castle was originally built in the 11th century as a fortification and was later expanded and renovated in the 19th century. It is a magnificent example of Neo-Renaissance architecture, with its grand fa?ade and ornate interior. The castle has a total of seven floors, with the main entrance located on the first floor. Inside, visitors can explore the grand halls, the chapel, the library, and the museum.

The castle is also home to the Schwerin State Parliament, which is located in the former Great Hall. The castle grounds are open to the public and feature a variety of attractions, including a botanical garden, a sculpture garden, and a playground. Visitors can also take a boat tour of the lake and explore the surrounding area.

Schwerin Castle is a must-see for anyone visiting Germany, as it is a stunning example of German architecture and a reminder of the country's rich history.

Conclusion

The world is home to an array of stunning castles and forts that are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage sites. From the majestic Alhambra in Spain to the impressive Edinburgh Castle in Scotland, these structures offer a glimpse into the rich history and architectural heritage of different cultures around the world. These castles and forts have stood the test of time and continue to attract visitors from all over the world with their beauty, grandeur, and historical significance.