15 System Design Core Concepts a complete crash course approach.

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1. Scalability:

Key Idea: The system's ability to handle increased load or data volume by adding resources.

Crash Course: Consider horizontal scaling (adding more machines) and vertical scaling (upgrading existing machines) for optimal scalability.

2. Reliability:

Key Idea: The system's ability to perform consistently, even in the face of failures.

Crash Course: Implement fault tolerance, redundancy, and robust failure recovery mechanisms.

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3. Availability:

Key Idea: The percentage of time a system is operational and accessible.

Crash Course: Achieve high availability through architectural choices, load balancing, and effective failover strategies.

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4. Consistency:

Key Idea: Ensuring all nodes in a distributed system have the same view of the data.

Crash Course: Choose an appropriate consistency model, considering factors like eventual consistency or strong consistency.

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5. Partitioning/Sharding:

Key Idea: Dividing a large database into smaller, manageable parts to enhance performance.

Crash Course: Develop strategies for data partitioning and distribution to avoid bottlenecks.

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6. Data Modeling:

Key Idea: Designing the structure of the database to meet application requirements.

Crash Course: Choose between relational and NoSQL databases, plan schema design, and decide on normalization/denormalization.

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7. Caching:

Key Idea: Storing frequently accessed data to reduce latency.

Crash Course: Implement cache eviction policies, ensure cache consistency, and selectively cache data for optimal performance.

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8. Load Balancing:

Key Idea: Distributing incoming network traffic across multiple servers to optimize resource usage.

Crash Course: Utilize load balancing algorithms, perform health checks, and manage session persistence.

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9. Message Queues:

Key Idea: Enabling asynchronous communication between distributed components.

Crash Course: Choose a suitable message queue system, address message durability, and ensure reliable message delivery.

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10. Microservices Architecture:

Key Idea: Designing an application as a collection of small, independent, and deployable services.

Crash Course: Address service discovery, inter-service communication, and effective deployment strategies.

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11. API Design:

Key Idea: Crafting clean and efficient APIs for seamless communication between software components.

Crash Course: Apply RESTful design principles, consider versioning, and prioritize clear documentation.

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12. Security:

Key Idea: Protecting data, resources, and systems from unauthorized access.

Crash Course: Implement robust authentication, authorization, encryption, and secure communication practices.

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13. Monitoring and Logging:

Key Idea: Collecting and analyzing system logs for performance monitoring and issue diagnosis.

Crash Course: Set up centralized logging, real-time monitoring, and effective alerting.

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14. Database Indexing:

Key Idea: Creating indexes on database tables to optimize query performance.

Crash Course: Choose relevant columns for indexing, understanding trade-offs between read and write operations.

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15. Performance Optimization:

Key Idea: Enhancing the efficiency and speed of a system.

Crash Course: Employ profiling, code optimization, database tuning, and latency minimization techniques.

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