?????? ?????????????????? #15: Drug discovery, botanicals & Artificial Intelligence
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?????? ?????????????????? #15: Drug discovery, botanicals & Artificial Intelligence
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R&D for discovery of new drugs is time-consuming, expensive ($1–3bn) and a high-risk process that takes 12–18 years. From thousands of compounds tested in clinical trials, only a handful of candidates are?commercialized.
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To reduce R&D costs, improve productivity, broaden molecular diversity and increase success rates, ???????????? companies are looking at ???????????????????? ???????????????????????? (AI) and forge partnerships in the AI space: Pfizer & CytoReason, Sanofi & Exscientia, GSK & PathAI, BMS &?Owkin.
However, despite increasing numbers of drugs discovered, there is no guarantee of success in clinical trials for AI-discovered compounds. AI is still in the infancy stage. It will probably take years for AI use to peak in drug discovery
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Botanicals have been used as important sources for drug discovery and have?contributed to modern medicine. Over 50% of all drugs are inspired by nature and we have tapped only a fraction of the potential of natural products: ??????????-?????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????????.
Well known examples of plants that have led to the discovery of drugs are the willow tree ( Salix species), a plant with 3500 years history of medicinal use for pain relief. Its main active ingredient is salicin, discovered 200 years ago, which was the basis for the discovery of Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) over 100 years ago, a widely used pain reliver and antiinflammatory medication.
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Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is the source of several alkaloids, including morphine, codeine and thebaine, used as pain relievers and to treat addiction.
Paclitaxel, the most well-known natural-source chemotherapy drug, is derived from the bark of the Pacific yew tree (Taxus brevifolia) and is used in the treatment of several types of cancer. Difficulties of harvesting Taxol were are problem but could be overcome by method that allows the extraction of a precursor of Taxol from the common yew Taxus baccata.
The traditional use of rosy periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) by Madagascan healers led to the discovery of its anti-cancer properties and eventually to two very important cancer-fighting medicines: vinblastine and vincristine, both extracted from Catharanthus roseus and the origine of several distinct classes of new, more potent, and previously inaccessible analogues.
Reasons for using AI for Drug Discovery
The team around Dr. Giesbert Schneider, Professor of Computer-Assisted Drug Design at ETH Zurich, has demonstrated that AI is able to recognise the biological activity of natural products in a targeted manner and can thus be used to ???????? ?????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????????.
AI allows the analysis of huge amounts of data, such as genetic information or chemical plant compounds, to identify new leads for drugs faster and cheaper than through traditional methods. Big pools of leads can be narrowed down to the most promising ones in no time, while molecules that have the same effect as a natural substance but are easier to manufacture, can be identified. AI also allows to identify relationsships between data that are not obvious at a first glance to a researcher, increasing the chance to find new drugs, or might serve to identify completely new compounds never seen before.
There are good reasons for Schneider’s focus on nature in the search for new pharmaceutical agents: “???????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???? ???????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????????.”
Read more about Integration of AI and traditional medicine in drug discovery:
head of quality assurance and control, qualified person at Martin Bauer Polska Sp. z o.o.
2 年Nature-inspired medicines integrated with AI ?? ?? ?? - I am sure one of The Winners, apart from the patients of course, is The Nature Network