1) “Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner”. Discuss

????I can remember one day when I and two of my friends were in a European city to cover a trade show there, we went to a restaurant to get some food, we were hungry and wanted to try a new type of food, then after the waiter got our order, in 15 minutes, the food became ready, we ate, it was very delicious, warm, fresh, enough for the three of us, the first friend who was a human resources manager for the company said as a comment for the food,?the food comes in a perfect time, we were hungry and cocked in a perfect way, the cocker is professional, he used to measure performance through his performance appraisals, the second friend who was the quality controller of our factory said, the quality and volume of the food are perfect, the kitchen supervisor who is the master chef is perfect in his work.

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The first two men measure the food from the point of the manufacturing process, which is a reasonable time for cocking, the fresh and delicious contents, but I as a general manager of the company mentioned some other views, like the waiter smile when he got our order, the place cleaned view, the reasonable prices, the quality of food, the total sight of the dish, the complementary items like salt and pepper, the substitutions like macaroni and rice, all these items increased my judge about the food, it is done in an efficient and effective way, we as a consumers value the food so its effectiveness, and we mentioned the perfect amount of food on the plate, with no residuals so it is efficiency in creating it.

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We used to make use of words like time and quality to describe the factory's capacity in producing a product, when we say the production was done in a short time and with great quality, even in the commercial life of a trader, when he asked for some products to resell again, he always mentions to the buyer, I want products with high quality and reasonable prices. The matching between efficiency and effectiveness is the main goal for all organizations whether it works in manufacturing, merchandising, or rendering services, the final step where there is a product or a service and it is submitted for households to use, it should have these two words in its description, it’s done in an efficient and effective way.

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Effectiveness in the manufacturing process is about making use of every item, and efficiency in the volume of raw materials and resources used in this production.

When I talked to my friend who is the quality controller, he mentioned the Japanese culture in manufacturing, and how they wanted to reach a zero error rate in the manufacturing process, which means the final products enjoy zero errors, which means the production process done in a very accurate way, it’s free of defects, I told him what about the global standards in submitting a product there must be a degree of error, he replied they work to reach zero rates, and mention the errors may come in which side, which means even the statistics there can tell you the defects may come from which place of the product, it is a continues process of planning and marketing research, they worked hard to get every point and detail about the manufacturing process to reach the words efficiently and effective manufacturing process, look at Toyota which is the benchmark of the cars in all over the world, the car come in reasonable prices and high quality. It is a function of manufacturing, the production and operation managers put it like a slogan, we produce in an efficient and effective way.

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the human resource manager said, can you notice the low number of workers in the restaurant, it’s efficiency too, they classify tasks and effectiveness in the results of the work, which is a perfect plate, efficiency refers to how well something is done, effectiveness refers to how useful something is.

Jumped to my mind the words said by Mohamed Mahmoud Al-Araby in a conference which was held in the ministry of investment when he mentioned the success story of the Al-Araby group in manufacturing, and distribution sides “We followed the efficiency and effectiveness ways in all functions of our group”, he meant by his words the standards which Al-Araby followed in recruiting employees, the selection process, the raw materials selected, the suppliers which the group depends on, the manufacturing process, the sales and marketing missions, the after-sales services the call centers, and customer services, even the calls and warranty, the CEO of Al-Araby group mentioned that the group follows efficient and effective standards which is the ways and methods to get the trust which the people gain about Al-Araby group, efficiency in production and the remaining processes leads to effective results of this production, and finally, he reached the peak. Applying such standards in every function of the group leads to accumulated success in the whole story.

In my opinion, the only way to survive is to keep on track of the competition, apply sustainable development plans, and work according to the standards which simply means keeping your functions and processes working in an efficient and effective way, applying these two words in every task and operation guarantee the optimal success in the entire organization’s work. Al-Araby followed the Japanese thinking applied before in TOYOTA about each process in manufacturing the cars which leads finally to be the leader in the car industry. Effective results come from efficient processes. Following standards in every function leads to saving time, raw materials, and resources, then leading to the targeted results which is the ultimate goal for the organization. So, in any organization, whether it is manufacturing or merchandising or even the service one, we can apply efficiency and effectiveness in all the management functions which are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Doing every function separately in these two words leading to generally efficient and effective ways of rendering services or producing products. ?

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The theorical view about efficiency and effectiveness (The book):

??????Based on our definition of management, the manager’s responsibility is to coordinate resources in an effective and efficient manner to accomplish the organization’s goals. Organizational effectiveness is the degree to which the organization achieves a stated goal, or succeeds in accomplishing what it tries to do. Organizational effectiveness means providing a product or service that customers value. Organizational efficiency refers to the number of resources used to achieve an organizational goal. It is based on how many raw materials, money, and people are necessary for producing a given volume of output. Efficiency can be calculated as the number of resources used to produce a product or service.

1.?????The ability to produce maximum output with limited resources is known as Efficiency.

2.?????Efficiency is ‘to do things perfectly’ while Effectiveness is ‘to do perfect things.

3.?????Efficiency has a short-run perspective. Conversely, the long run is the point of view of Effectiveness.

4.?????Efficiency is yield-oriented. Unlike Effectiveness, which is result oriented.

5.?????Efficiency is to be maintained at the time of strategy implementation, whereas strategy formulation requires Effectiveness.

6.?????Efficiency is measured in the operations of the organization, but the Effectiveness of strategies is measured which are made by the organization.

7.?????Efficiency is the outcome of actual output upon given the?number of inputs. On the other hand, Effectiveness has a relationship with means and ends.