阿联酋经济现状，the economy in UAE

阿联酋的石油和天然气资源丰富，但其他自然资源极其匮乏，发展所需的工业用原料、设备乃至民用生活品都需要依靠进口解决。为了逐步减少国家经济对石油的依赖，上世纪八十年代阿联酋制定了多元化发展的长期战略，促进了非石油经济的发展。经过多年的努力，阿联酋目前是海合会(GCC)六国中非石油经济最发达的国家，非石油经济成为阿联酋经济发展的核心，其三次产业比重为0.8:46.9:52.31。据阿联酋《联合报》报道，2015年阿联酋非石油经济对国内生产总值的贡献率达77%，非石油经济增长率达4.1%，而2016年这一增长率仍为3.6%。另据阿联酋《海湾时报》2016年2月8日报道，2015年阿联酋非石油对外贸易总额为4764亿美元，同比增长10%，远高于阿联酋石油部门的经济增长率。阿联酋的非石油经济包括建材、石化、旅游、金融、商贸物流等行业，其中商贸物流目前是阿联酋非石油经济中最活跃的领域。

The UAE is rich in oil and natural gas resources, but other natural resources are extremely scarce. The industrial raw materials, equipment and even civilian living goods needed for development all need to be imported. In order to gradually reduce the dependence of the national economy on oil, the UAE formulated a long-term strategy of diversified development in the 1980s, which promoted the development of non-oil economy. After years of efforts, the UAE is currently the most developed non-oil economy among the six GCC countries, and the non-oil economy has become the core of the UAE's economic development, with the proportion of its three industries being 0.8: 46.9: 52.31. According to the United Arab Emirates newspaper, the non-oil economy of the UAE contributed 77 % to the GDP in 2015 and 4.1 % to the non-oil economy, while the growth rate in 2016 was still 3.6 %. According to the Gulf Times of the United Arab Emirates reported on February 8, 2016, the total non-oil foreign trade of the United Arab Emirates in 2015 was 4764 billion US dollars, up 10 % year on year, far higher than the economic growth rate of the oil sector of the United Arab Emirates. The UAE's non-oil economy includes building materials, petrochemicals, tourism, finance, trade logistics and other industries, among which trade logistics is currently the most active area in the UAE's non-oil economy.

一、主要的非石油经济现状

(一)旅游业

阿联酋濒临阿拉伯湾，城市大都傍海而筑，阿联酋利用海岸资源开发旅游业，经过多年发展，旅游业成为仅次于石油的又一重要经济来源。2015年，CNN评选出全球十大旅游目的地，其中阿联酋首都阿布扎比榜上有名，并获得了“中东地区的文化首都”的评价。

1.发展现状和前景：资源丰富，前景广阔

阿联酋地理位置优越，旅游资源丰富。旅游业是阿联酋国民经济的重要组成部分，以及经济多元化发展战略中的核心支柱。世界旅游业理事会数据显示，2015年阿联酋旅游业收入约为1340亿迪拉姆，占国内生产总值的4.2%，对国内生产总值直接贡献为649亿迪拉姆，游客消费总额260亿美元，相当于其服务出口总额的60%，服务货物出口总额的5.4%。

预计在未来的十年内，阿联酋旅游业年均增长率将达到5.4%，直接贡献额将以5.7%的速度增长，至2026年经济贡献总量将达到1181亿迪拉姆。根据法国科法斯信用保险集团(Coface)预计，2016年阿联酋将吸引超过1500万外国旅客，旅客消费将上涨3.3%，旅游业投资额将增加2.8%，达到282亿迪拉姆(约合76.8亿美元)。

2.政策导向：积极支持旅游市场开拓

近年来，阿联酋政府重视发展旅游业，各酋长国争相把发展旅游业作为重要的经济支柱行业，纷纷设立了相应的机构发展旅游业。

阿联酋各酋长国的旅游主管部门积极参加国际和国内各种展会，开拓国际旅游市场，提高阿联酋在国际上的知名度。例如，负责迪拜整体旅游市场营销的迪拜旅游与商业推广局已经在海外拥有18个推广机构。首都阿布扎也在海外设有推广处，其在中国的推广处分别设在北京、上海和广州。

自2000年起，阿联酋先后对阿布扎比国际机场、迪拜国际机场、沙迦国际机场、艾因机场、富查伊拉机场、哈伊马角机场和巴廷机场等投资，实施改扩建工程，并新建迪拜世界国际机场、阿治曼国际机场、阿布扎比绥尔?巴尼亚斯机场和达勒玛机场。迪拜国际机场成为新兴国际空中航线的枢纽。阿联酋机场的全面升级不仅有效地提高了机场运营能力和效率，也使阿联酋的航空运输网络日趋完善，增强了旅游业航空系统的综合保障能力和整体竞争优势。

First, the main non-oil economic status quo

( 1 ) Tourism

The UAE is close to the Arabian Gulf and most of its cities are built near the sea. The UAE uses coastal resources to develop tourism. After years of development, tourism has become another important economic source after oil. In 2015, CNN selected the top ten tourist destinations in the world, including Abu Dhabi, the capital of UAE, and won the evaluation of " the cultural capital of the Middle East".

1. Development Status and Prospects: Rich Resources and Broad Prospects

The UAE has a superior geographical position and abundant tourism resources. Tourism is an important part of UAE's national economy and the core pillar of its diversified economic development strategy. According to the World Tourism Council data, the UAE's tourism revenue in 2015 was about 134 billion dirhams, accounting for 4.2 % of the GDP, contributing 64.9 billion dirhams directly to the GDP, and tourists' total consumption was 26 billion US dollars, equivalent to 60 % of its total exports of services and 5.4 % of its total exports of services.

&emsp ; It is expected that the UAE's tourism industry will grow at an average annual rate of 5.4 % in the next decade and its direct contribution will grow at a rate of 5.7 %, reaching 118.1 billion dirhams by 2026. According to the French Cofas Credit Insurance Group ( COFACE ), the UAE will attract more than 15m foreign tourists in 2016, the consumption of tourists will increase by 3.3 % and the investment in tourism will increase by 2.8 % to 28.2 billion dirhams ( about 7.68 billion US dollars ).

2. Policy Orientation: Actively Support Tourism Market Development

In recent years, the UAE government has attached great importance to the development of tourism, and various emirates have set up corresponding agencies to develop tourism as an important economic pillar industry.

The tourism authorities of the Emirates actively participate in various international and domestic exhibitions, explore the international tourism market and improve the UAE's international visibility. For example, Dubai Tourism and Business Promotion Bureau, which is responsible for the overall tourism marketing in Dubai, already has 18 promotion agencies overseas. The capital Abu Za also has promotion offices overseas, and its promotion offices in China are located in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou respectively.

Since 2000, the United Arab Emirates has invested in Abu Dhabi International Airport, Dubai International Airport, Sharjah International Airport, Ein Airport, Fujairah Airport, Khaimah Airport and Batin Airport, etc. to carry out reconstruction and expansion projects and to build Dubai World International Airport, Ajman International Airport, Abu Dhabi Suier Banas Airport and Dalma Airport. Dubai International Airport has become a hub for new international air routes. The comprehensive upgrade of the UAE airport not only effectively improves the airport's operational capability and efficiency, but also makes the UAE's air transport network more and more perfect, and enhances the comprehensive guarantee capability and overall competitive advantage of the tourism aviation system.

3.产业格局：多样化发展，医疗旅游异军突起

阿联酋根据本国特点，旅游业主打城市牌，以发展城市旅游为主，带动沙漠游，打造独居特色的旅游模式，形成多样化的产业格局。其中包括“国际驿站游”、“文化游”、“节庆游”、“休闲度假游”、“购物游”、“体育赛事游”、“公务游”、“城市观光游”、“事件游”和“游轮游”等。2015年上半年，迪拜16家医院为25.6万名国际及国内游客提供了医疗服务，创收约10亿迪拉姆。为了发展医疗旅游业，迪拜政府启动专为医疗旅游设计的保险，同时积极推进相关基础设施建设、完善相关法律管理体系。

4.产业竞争力：竞争力较强，定制旅游尚待发展

《2015年全球旅游业竞争力报告》数据显示，阿联酋在141个参评国家中位列第24位，较2014年上升4位。基于其完善的安保环境和措施，阿联酋的安全措施在全球位列第三位；阿联酋的商业环境和航空设施位于地区和全球发展前列，在141个国家中分别位列第四位和第三位；健康和卫生状况也是其旅游业发展的优势所在，其中饮用水便利设施等指标在全球位列第一位。

尽管如此，阿联酋旅游市场仍有一些问题需要加以改进，如旅游产品和线路千篇一律，缺少个性化线路定制，无法满足中国游客日益增长的高端游和自主游需求。在旅游服务方面，缺乏懂中文的专业导游，无法对当地文化和旅游景点进行讲解，影响旅游体验等。

3. Industrial pattern: Diversified development, medical tourism emerging

According to the characteristics of the UAE, the tourism industry focuses on the city brand, focusing on the development of city tourism, driving desert tourism, creating a tourism mode with the characteristic of living alone and forming a diversified industrial pattern. These include " international post tour", " cultural tour", " festival tour", " leisure vacation tour", " shopping tour", " sports event tour", " official tour", " city tour", " event tour" and " cruise tour". In the first half of 2015, 16 hospitals in Dubai provided medical services to 256,000 international and domestic tourists, generating about 1 billion dirhams. In order to develop the medical tourism industry, Dubai government has launched insurance designed for medical tourism, and at the same time has actively promoted the construction of relevant infrastructure and improved the relevant legal management system.

4. Industrial competitiveness: Strong competitiveness, customized tourism has yet to be developed

According to the 2015 Global Tourism Competitiveness Report, the UAE ranks 24th out of 141 participating countries, up 4 places from 2014. Based on its perfect security environment and measures, UAE ranks third in the world in security measures. The UAE's business environment and aviation facilities are at the forefront of regional and global development, ranking fourth and third out of 141 countries respectively. Health and sanitation are also the advantages of its tourism development, with indicators such as drinking water facilities ranking first in the world.

However, there are still some problems in the UAE tourism market that need to be improved, such as the same tourism products and routes, lack of personalized route customization and inability to meet the growing demand of Chinese tourists for high-end and independent tours. In terms of tourism services, there is a lack of professional guides who understand Chinese and are unable to explain local culture and tourist attractions, affecting tourism experience, etc.

(二)建材业

1.发展现状与前景：主权基金支持，市场潜在需求大

阿联酋积极利用主权财富基金支持城市规划，推动城市公共基础设施规模迅速扩展，多个大型项目正在启动建设，对建材产品有巨大需求，推动阿联酋成为中东地区规模最大的建筑市场。

2016年，阿联酋宣布《迪拜未来议程》，支持迪拜的未来城市发展战略和研究项目，涉及的产业领域包括能源、交通和基建等。迪拜马克图姆国际机场周围正在建设的“迪拜南”新城，面积145平方公里，建成后将成为2020年世博会和迪拜航空展的举办地，容纳100万居民。位于阿布扎比的马斯达尔城第二期和第三期建设规划也正式启动。此外，2016年阿联酋投入19亿美元发展东部沿海地区民生基础设施，这些项目包括住房资助、新住宅小区、道路、学校、医疗中心、政府办公设施等。

2.政策导向：支持绿色基建，推动环保建材需求

2016年阿联酋政府宣布，尽管油价持续下跌，但阿联酋对医院、学校、公路等基础设施建设的投资将正常推进。在政府的大力支持下，2015年阿联酋建筑业薪资增长幅度仍居前列。

随着大批基建项目的启动，高效型建筑逐渐受到重视，阿联酋建筑商和开发商对环保型建材产品需求攀升。阿联酋政府亦认为环保建材的使用可极大地节约建筑的综合开支。为此，阿联酋总理、迪拜酋长谢赫?穆罕默德?本?拉希德?马克图姆颁布《2016年第6号关于油漆类商品监管体系的内阁决议》。根据决议，无论是进口还是当地生产的油漆类商品，只有获得绿色标识才能进入市场流通，阿联酋标准计量局负责检测。

3.产业格局：两大城市为主要需求市场

迪拜集中着阿联酋70%以上非石油贸易，是阿联酋的“贸易之都”，也是整个中东地区乃至整个阿拉伯地区的转口贸易中心，自身对基础配套设施的建设需求旺盛。同时，迪拜融旅游、贸易、金融于一体，是中东地区建材产品集散中心，可辐射北非、南欧、南亚及中东地区。这些地区贫富悬殊，对建材市场的需求量是全方位、多层次的，即高中低档产品都有市场需求。这些因素推动迪拜成为阿联酋主要的建材产品需求和集散中心。

阿布扎比是中东重要的国际旅游城市，每年的新增建筑增长率超过25%，其进口的建材主要运用在建设酒店等项目上。因此也是阿联酋另一个重要的建材产品需求市场。

( 2 ) Building materials industry

1. Development Status and Prospects: Sovereign Fund Support, Potential Market Demand

The UAE is actively using sovereign wealth funds to support urban planning and promote the rapid expansion of urban public infrastructure. Several large-scale projects are under construction, and there is a huge demand for building materials products, pushing the UAE to become the largest construction market in the Middle East.

In 2016, the UAE announced Dubai's Future Agenda, supporting Dubai's future urban development strategy and research projects, covering industries such as energy, transportation and infrastructure. The " Dubai South" new city under construction around Dubai's Maktoum International Airport, covering an area of 145 square kilometers, will be the venue for the 2020 World Expo and Dubai Air Show after its completion, accommodating 1 million residents. The second and third phases of construction of Masdar City in Abu Dhabi were also officially launched. In addition, in 2016, the UAE invested US $ 1.9 billion to develop livelihood infrastructure in the eastern coastal areas, including housing subsidies, new residential areas, roads, schools, medical centers, government office facilities, etc.

2. Policy Orientation: Supporting Green Infrastructure and Promoting Demand for Environmental Protection Building Materials

In 2016, the UAE government announced that although the oil price continues to fall, the UAE's investment in infrastructure construction such as hospitals, schools and highways will normally advance. With the strong support of the government, the construction industry in the United Arab Emirates still enjoyed the highest salary growth rate in 2015.

With the start of a large number of infrastructure projects, highly efficient buildings have gradually received attention, and UAE builders and developers have increased their demand for environmentally friendly building materials. The UAE government also believes that the use of environmentally friendly building materials can greatly save the comprehensive cost of construction. To this end, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Maktoum, UAE Prime Minister and Dubai Chief, issued Cabinet Resolution No. 6 of 2016 on the Regulation System of Paint Commodities. According to the resolution, no matter whether it is imported or locally produced paint products, they can enter the market only if they get green marks, and the UAE Bureau of Standards and Metrology is responsible for testing.

3. Industrial pattern: two major cities are the main demand markets

Dubai concentrates more than 70 % of the UAE's non-oil trade and is the UAE's " trade capital" as well as the transit trade center of the entire Middle East region and even the entire Arab region. It has strong demand for infrastructure construction. At the same time, Dubai integrates tourism, trade and finance. It is a distribution center for building materials products in the Middle East and can radiate to North Africa, Southern Europe, South Asia and the Middle East. The gap between the rich and the poor in these areas has led to an all-round and multi-level demand for the building materials market, that is, there is a market demand for high, middle and low-grade products. These factors have promoted Dubai to become the main building materials demand and distribution center of UAE.

Abu Dhabi is an important international tourist city in the Middle East with an annual growth rate of more than 25 %. Its imported building materials are mainly used in construction projects such as hotels. Therefore, it is also another important market for building materials in UAE.

4.产业竞争力：市场需求旺，高端需求强劲

近几年来，阿联酋国内对住宅、工商业楼宇、酒店的需求持续增加，同时决策部门在渐次落实道路、铁道、港口、机场、食水供应系统和各项工业基建项目等跨越未来数年的基建计划，对建材产品的需求迅速增加。2016年，阿联酋公共工程部实施了11个项目，其中10个为该部投资计划的一部分，还有一个引入了外部资金。同时该部正在实施26个住宅小区项目和148套独立住宅项目，正在研究总投资7.8亿迪拉姆的7个新建道路项目。有鉴于此，其建筑建材市场需求增长态势明显。

此外，阿联酋对建筑的质量要求也逐渐提高。阿联酋的建筑法规定建筑房屋和建筑物必须进行外装修和地板装修，对建筑项目中天然石材和建筑瓷砖用量大、造价高。同时，阿联酋对自身对外形象的重视也体现在对建筑的要求方面。建筑通过装修体现本民族文化，装修造价高，装修费用会占工程总造价的一半以上，高端建材与高科技含量设备的需求很大。

4. Industrial competitiveness: the market demand is flourishing and the high-end demand is strong

In recent years, the domestic demand for housing, industrial and commercial buildings and hotels in the UAE has continued to increase, while the demand for building materials products has increased rapidly as policy-making departments gradually implement infrastructure projects spanning the next few years, such as roads, railways, ports, airports, water supply systems and various industrial infrastructure projects. In 2016, the UAE Ministry of Public Works implemented 11 projects, of which 10 were part of the Ministry's investment plan and one introduced external funds. At the same time, the Ministry is implementing 26 residential projects and 148 independent residential projects, and is studying seven new road projects with a total investment of 780 million dirhams. In view of this, the market demand for building materials has increased significantly.

In addition, the UAE's requirements for building quality have gradually increased. The UAE's construction law stipulates that building houses and buildings must be decorated with exterior decoration and floor decoration. Natural stones and building tiles are used in large quantities and cost is high in construction projects. At the same time, the UAE attaches great importance to its external image in terms of building requirements. The building reflects the national culture through decoration, which will cost more than half of the total project cost and require high-end building materials and high-tech equipment.

(三)金融服务业

阿联酋金融体系开放，金融服务业发达。迪拜是阿联酋、中东地区，乃至伊斯兰世界的金融中心，在保持地区金融体系稳定中发挥着重要作用。

1.发展现状：金融服务业发达，发展总体向好

阿联酋重视金融服务业发展，先后在迪拜和阿布扎比建立国际金融中心。迪拜国际金融中心在中东地区金融业地位突出，是世界级金融中心之一。银行业是阿联酋金融体系稳定发展的基础。截至2015年，阿联酋境内共有23家本地银行，26家外资银行。许多世界知名银行集团，如花旗银行、汇丰银行、渣打银行等也已在阿联酋开展业务。

2015年，阿联酋银行业总资产达2.478万亿迪拉姆(约合6748亿美元)，同比增长7.22%。资本充足率达18.3%，成本收入比为34.8%，略低于海合会银行业平均水平。在全球流动性下降、油价下跌、世界经济发展不稳的形势下，阿联酋银行业也面临着银行股价下跌、成本收入比上升、股东平均权益率下降和资产平均收益率下降四大挑战。但整体上银行总资产上升、资本充足率增加、净利润上升、较低的减损支出及不良贷款率下降，是助力阿联酋银行业稳定发展的五个主要因素。

2.政策导向：监管缜密，处罚严格

阿联酋具备较为缜密的金融监管环境。自1987年起，阿联酋央行考虑到阿联酋金融市场容量太小，对外资银行网络拓展和准入极为审慎。阿联酋股市允许外国人投资，但外国人占股比不得超过49%，具体投资比例由上市公司自行规定。

迪拜金融管理局自2014年以来大力打击金融市场不规范行为。2015年4月，迪拜金融管理局对德意志银行迪拜国际金融中心分行提供虚假信息且性质恶劣，内部管理存在漏洞，对客户洗钱监管不力等问题处以840万美元的罚款，这也是该局有史以来开出的最大一笔罚单。

2016年4月，阿联酋政府还颁布法令，批准成立迪拜经济安全中心，主要职能是打击诈骗、贿赂、假冒伪劣、洗钱及资助恐怖主义等经济金融领域不法行为。该中心管辖范围包括迪拜政府机构及在迪拜境内注册的所有企业和公共机构，并对慈善活动进行监管。

( 3 ) Financial services

The United Arab Emirates has an open financial system and developed financial services. Dubai is the financial center of the UAE, the Middle East and even the Islamic world, and plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the regional financial system.

1. Development Status: Financial service industry is developed and its overall development is good

The UAE attaches great importance to the development of financial services and has established international financial centers in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Dubai International Financial Center has a prominent position in the financial industry in the Middle East and is one of the world-class financial centers. Banking is the foundation for the stable development of UAE's financial system. As of 2015, there were 23 local banks and 26 foreign banks in the UAE. Many world-renowned banking groups, such as Citibank, HSBC and Standard Chartered Bank, have also started operations in the UAE.

In 2015, the total assets of the UAE's banking sector reached 2.478 trillion dirhams ( about 6748 billion US dollars ), up 7.22 % year on year. The capital adequacy ratio reached 18.3 % and the cost-income ratio was 34.8 %, slightly lower than the average level of the GCC banking industry. Under the circumstances of global liquidity decline, oil price decline and unstable world economic development, UAE banks are also facing four challenges: falling bank share price, rising cost-income ratio, declining average equity ratio of shareholders and declining average asset yield. However, as a whole, the rise in total assets, the increase in capital adequacy ratio, the rise in net profit, the lower impairment expenditure and the decline in non-performing loan ratio are the five main factors contributing to the stable development of the banking industry in UAE.

2. Policy Orientation: Careful Supervision and Strict Punishment

The UAE has a more rigorous financial regulatory environment. Since 1987, the UAE central bank has been extremely cautious in expanding and accessing foreign banks' network, considering the UAE's financial market capacity is too small. The UAE stock market allows foreigners to invest, but foreigners' share ratio should not exceed 49 %, and the specific investment ratio should be set by the listed companies themselves.

Dubai Monetary Authority has been cracking down on financial market irregularities since 2014. In April 2015, the Dubai Monetary Authority imposed a fine of US $ 8.4 million on Deutsche Bank Dubai International Financial Center Branch for providing false information and bad nature, as well as loopholes in internal management and poor supervision of customer money laundering, which was also the largest fine ever issued by the Authority.

In April 2016, the UAE government also issued a decree approving the establishment of Dubai Economic Security Center, whose main function is to combat illegal economic and financial activities such as fraud, bribery, counterfeiting, money laundering and terrorist financing. The jurisdiction of the center includes Dubai government agencies and all enterprises and public institutions registered in Dubai, and regulates charitable activities.

3.产业格局：迪拜与阿布扎比是两大金融中心

阿联酋金融服务业主要集中在迪拜和阿布扎比两个酋长国，其他酋长国金融服务业相对较弱。

(1)迪拜国际金融中心

迪拜国际金融中心(DubaiInternationalFinancialCenter)于2004年由迪拜政府创立，占地110公顷，其地理位置和时区得天独厚，与伦敦和北京时差均为4个小时，是继伦敦、纽约、新加坡、中国香港和法兰克福后全球第六个顶级金融中心。

DIFC主要辐射中东、非洲和南亚地区，现有800多家公司入驻，其中包括全球25家顶级银行中的18家，全球最大8家资产管理公司，世界10大保险公司中的6家以及10大律师事务所中的6家。DIFC自建立起第一个10年注重吸引西方银行，下一个10年计划向东看。

迪拜金融服务管理局按照伦敦和纽约的原则性基本法律，采用综合性监管制度颁发牌照监管DIFC。DIFC法律体系以普通法原则为基础，效仿英格兰及威尔士法律模式，采用英语为官方语言。DIFC法院对金融中心内所有民事和商业纠纷和/或与中心内注册机构和公司有关的纠纷具有专属管辖权，DIFC伦敦国际仲裁院(DIFCLCIA)仲裁中心可对国际商业纠纷进行调节和仲裁。

(2)阿布扎比全球市场

2013年5月，阿布扎比酋长国公布设立金融自由区的计划，与DIFC相仿，区内设置独立的监管机构、法律体系，并提供税收优惠，以吸引全球金融机构入驻。历经两年半筹备，阿布扎比金融自由区———阿布扎比全球市场(ADGM)于2015年10月21日正式开业。

该自由区最初设计为重点发展私人银行，以及与财富和资产管理相关的业务，目前其业务领域已扩展至整个金融服务行业。ADGM有三个独立管理机构：注册部门、金融服务监管局(FSRA)和ADGM法院。

针对DIFC的强力竞争，ADGM渴望在快速增长的金融科技领域成为地区性中心，探索打造有利于金融科技发展的环境，开发创新型服务、产品和解决方案。2016年4月，ADGM与全球知名信息资讯公司彭博社达成了旨在提升阿布扎比，特别是ADGM区内商业网络环境的合作协议。

(3)其他地区金融中心

除迪拜和阿布扎比外，沙迦近年通过建立各种类型的自由区促进经济多元化发展，其中包括新建立的媒体自由区以及AlSaja'a工业绿洲。2016年4月，沙迦投资发展局首席执行官表示，沙迦有意打造一个新的离岸金融中心，不过该计划正处于研究阶段，沙迦政府还未最终决定是否出台这一规划。沙迦建立新的金融自由区要面对来自DIFC和ADGM的强大竞争，发展困难较大。

3. Industrial structure: Dubai and Abu Dhabi are two major financial centers

The financial services in UAE are mainly concentrated in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, while the financial services in other emirates are relatively weak.

( 1 ) Dubai International Financial Center

Dubai International Financial Center ( Dubai International FinancialCenter ) was founded by Dubai government in 2004 and covers an area of 110 hectares. Its geographical location and time zone are unique, with a time difference of 4 hours from London and Beijing. It is the sixth top financial center in the world after London, new york, Singapore, Hong Kong, China and Frankfurt.

Difc mainly radiates to the middle east, Africa and south Asia, and now has more than 800 companies, including 18 of the world's 25 top banks, 8 of the world's largest asset management companies, 6 of the world's top 10 insurance companies and 6 of the top 10 law firms. Difc has paid attention to attracting western banks in the first 10 years since its establishment, and plans to look east in the next 10 years.

Dubai Financial Services Authority ( Dubai Financial Services Authority ) adopts a comprehensive regulatory system to issue licenses to supervise DIFC in accordance with the basic laws of principle in London and new york. The DIFC legal system is based on common law principles, following the legal model of England and Wales and adopting English as the official language. Difc courts have exclusive jurisdiction over all civil and commercial disputes in the financial center and / or disputes related to registered institutions and companies in the center, and the Difc London International Arbitration Court ( Difclcia ) Arbitration Center can regulate and arbitrate international commercial disputes.

( 2 ) Abu Dhabi Global Market

In May 2013, Abu Dhabi Emirates announced plans to set up a financial free zone, similar to DIFC, with an independent regulatory agency and legal system and tax incentives to attract global financial institutions. After two and a half years of preparation, Abu Dhabi Financial Free Zone - Abu Dhabi Global Market ( ADGM ) officially opened on October 21, 2015.

The free zone was originally designed to focus on the development of private banks and businesses related to wealth and asset management, and now its business area has expanded to the entire financial services industry. Adgm has three independent regulatory agencies: the registration department, the Financial Services Regulatory Authority ( FSRA ) and the Adgm court.

In view of the strong competition of DIFC, ADGM is eager to become a regional center in the fast-growing field of financial science and technology, to explore and create an environment conducive to the development of financial science and technology, and to develop innovative services, products and solutions. In April 2016, ADGM and Bloomberg, a world-renowned information and information company, reached a cooperation agreement aimed at improving the business network environment in Abu Dhabi, especially in ADGM.

( 3 ) Financial centers in other regions

Apart from Dubai and Abu Dhabi, Sharjah has promoted diversified economic development in recent years by establishing various types of free zones, including the newly established media free zone and Alsa ja' a industrial oasis. In April 2016, the chief executive officer of Sharjah's Investment and Development Bureau said Sharjah intended to build a new offshore financial center, but the plan is still in the research stage, and the Sharjah government has not yet decided whether to introduce the plan. Sharjah has to face strong competition from DIFC and ADGM to establish a new financial free zone, and it is difficult to develop.

4.产业特点：伊斯兰金融特色突出

伊斯兰金融已成为世界金融体系的重要组成部分。自上世纪60年代以来，伊斯兰银行业、保险业和资本市场稳步发展。2014年底，全球伊斯兰金融业规模达1.8万亿美元。2015年8月发布的全球伊斯兰经济报告显示，到2020年，全球伊斯兰金融资产将增长80%，达到3.24万亿美元。

目前，全球伊斯兰金融中心为阿联酋和马来西亚。国际货币基金组织(IMF)报告显示，伊斯兰资产约占阿联酋总资产的17%，占阿联酋银行储蓄总量的19%。迪拜是伊斯兰金融产品交易最重要的平台之一。伊斯兰开发银行已在迪拜纳斯达克交易所启动了100亿美元伊斯兰债券的发行计划，进一步推动迪拜发展成为伊斯兰金融中心。2015年上半年，迪拜交易所上市的伊斯兰债券总规模达367亿美元，首次超过马来西亚，居全球首位。排名其后的分别是马来西亚(266亿美元)、爱尔兰(250亿美元)和英国(250亿美元)。

阿联酋于2015年第三季度末设立联邦伊斯兰教法委员会(FederalShariahBoard)，专门负责审核相关金融产品是否符合伊斯兰教义要求，统一伊斯兰金融行业标准和规范。这也是阿联酋着力开拓伊斯兰金融产业的一项重大举措。该委员会的管理对象主要是阿联酋境内的伊斯兰银行、保险以及传统借贷机构中的伊斯兰业务窗口。

4. Industrial characteristics: Islamic financial characteristics are outstanding

Islamic finance has become an important part of the world financial system. Since the 1960s, Islamic banking, insurance and capital markets have developed steadily. At the end of 2014, the global Islamic financial industry reached US $ 1.8 trillion. According to the global Islamic economic report released in August 2015, the global Islamic financial assets will grow by 80 % to 3.24 trillion US dollars by 2020.

At present, the global Islamic financial centers are UAE and Malaysia. The International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) report shows that Islamic assets account for about 17 % of UAE's total assets and 19 % of UAE's bank savings. Dubai is one of the most important platforms for Islamic financial products trading. The Islamic Development Bank has launched a US $ 10 billion Islamic bond issuance program on Dubai's Nasdaq Exchange to further promote Dubai's development into an Islamic financial center. In the first half of 2015, the total size of Islamic bonds listed on the Dubai Exchange reached 36.7 billion US dollars, surpassing Malaysia for the first time and ranking first in the world. Malaysia ( $ 26.6 billion ), Ireland ( $ 25 billion ) and the United Kingdom ( $ 25 billion ) followed.

At the end of the third quarter of 2015, the United Arab Emirates set up the Federal Islamic Shariah Commission, which is specifically responsible for checking whether the relevant financial products conform to the requirements of Islamic teachings and unifying Islamic financial industry standards and norms. This is also a major move of UAE to develop Islamic financial industry. The committee's management targets are mainly Islamic banks, insurance and Islamic business windows in traditional lending institutions in the UAE.

(四)石化产业

第二次石油危机之后，阿联酋意识到国家发展依靠单一的石油经济面临诸多不确定因素，于是在20世纪八十年代逐步确立经济多元化发展的战略。石化产业作为石油产业的延伸，近年来较受阿政府关注。

( 4 ) Petrochemical industry

After the second oil crisis, the UAE realized that the country's development depended on a single oil economy and faced many uncertain factors, so it gradually established a strategy of diversified economic development in the 1980s. As an extension of the petroleum industry, the petrochemical industry has received more attention from the Afghan government in recent years.

1.发展现状：列入优先发展，产能不断扩大

阿联酋的石油和天然气资源丰富，其他自然资源贫乏，从工业用原料、设备到民用生活品无一不需依靠进口。多元化发展的基础不能脱离自身的资源禀赋。石化行业的发展可以增加油气的附加值，可以带动更多产业的发展，并吸收更多人员就业。为了逐步减少国家经济对石油的依赖，阿联酋制定了优先发展石油化学工业的计划，希望逐步提高石油附加值产品比例。

近几年，阿联酋非石油领域对国内生产总值的贡献一直保持在60%以上。目前阿联酋正在大幅扩大石化产能。据全球领先的国家风险分析、宏观经济预测和行业研究供应商BusinessMonitorInternational的报告，阿联酋的乙烯年生产能力在2016年底前将从2013年的200万吨增加到500万吨，而聚乙烯的年生产能力将增加3倍，达到352万吨，聚丙烯的年生产能力将增加大约170%，达到214万吨。

2.政策导向：重点发展，推动征税

石化行业的发展可以增加油气的附加值、带动更多产业的发展，并吸收更多人员就业。20世纪八十年代，为了逐步减少国家经济对石油的依赖，阿联酋制定了优先发展石化工业的计划，提高石油附加值产品比例。近年来，阿联酋为发展石化产业不断出台各类发展计划及政策等。石化发展最为集中的阿布扎比，计划未来几年内逐步成立涉及石化等产业的20个工业区，吸引国外投资者，以促进其经济多样化。这些工业区的外国从业者皆可享受100%所有权。

受石油价格下降的影响，阿联酋财政收入锐减。国际货币基金组织曾表示，征税可以使阿联酋国内非石化行业GDP增加7.4%。为了增加政府收入，阿联酋政府正在制定征税政策，拟在全国开征增值税和企业所得税。这对长期享受政府低税率的企业来说，其发展会受到影响。

1. Development Status: Priority Development and Capacity Expansion

The UAE is rich in oil and natural gas resources and poor in other natural resources. From industrial raw materials and equipment to civilian living goods, there is no need to rely on imports. The foundation of diversified development cannot be divorced from its own resource endowments. The development of petrochemical industry can increase the added value of oil and gas, drive the development of more industries, and absorb more people for employment. In order to gradually reduce the country's economy's dependence on oil, the UAE has formulated a plan to give priority to the development of petrochemical industry, hoping to gradually increase the proportion of oil-added products.

In recent years, the UAE's non-oil sector's contribution to GDP has remained above 60 %. At present, the UAE is greatly expanding its petrochemical production capacity. According to the report of BusinessMonitorNational, the world's leading supplier of risk analysis, macroeconomic prediction and industry research, the UAE's annual production capacity of ethylene will increase from 2 million tons in 2013 to 5 million tons by the end of 2016, while the annual production capacity of polyethylene will triple to 3.52 million tons, and the annual production capacity of polypropylene will increase by about 170 % to 2.14 million tons.

2. Policy Orientation: Focus on Development and Promote Taxation

The development of petrochemical industry can increase the added value of oil and gas, drive the development of more industries, and absorb more people for employment. In the 1980s, in order to gradually reduce the country's economy's dependence on oil, the UAE formulated a plan to give priority to the development of petrochemical industry and increase the proportion of oil-added products. In recent years, the UAE has issued various development plans and policies to develop the petrochemical industry. Abu Dhabi, where petrochemical development is most concentrated, plans to gradually set up 20 industrial zones involving petrochemical and other industries in the next few years to attract foreign investors in order to promote its economic diversification. Foreign employees in these industrial zones can enjoy 100 % ownership.

Affected by the decline in oil prices, the UAE's fiscal revenue dropped sharply. The International Monetary Fund has said that taxation can increase the GDP of the domestic non-petrochemical industry in the UAE by 7.4 %. In order to increase government revenue, the UAE government is formulating a tax policy to levy value-added tax and enterprise income tax throughout the country. This will affect the development of enterprises enjoying low government tax rates for a long time.

3.产业格局：主要分布经济发达地区，其他地区在积极吸引投资

当前阿联酋主要的化工生产基地位于阿布扎比和迪拜，其他酋长国则基本没有化工产能。阿布扎比的工业主要集中在阿布扎比工业区和鲁维斯工业区内。迪拜的工业部门主要集中在杰拜阿里工业区。阿布扎比的电力成本低于迪拜，对于石化下游业务运营商来说其投资环境似乎更好。

由于其他五个酋长国的生产成本，包括人工、电力和租金要比迪拜和阿布扎比低30%左右，越来越多的运营商正寻求在其他五个酋长国投资。沙迦正在积极促成可以提供较低租金的办公场所，以及更大容积仓库的哈姆瑞亚自由区成为一个成本较低的生产基地。富查伊拉也因其港口条件良好，正积极成为一个理想的投资选址。乌姆盖万、阿治曼和拉斯海马酋长国也将与其他酋长国竞争，但是这几个酋长国吸引石化下游投资的具体计划还不明确。

4.产业竞争力：原料紧张、石油价格下跌挑战竞争力

阿联酋的石化产业主要由几家大型企业支撑。这些企业在全球具有相当的影响力，并主要集中于阿布扎比和迪拜。阿联酋的石化企业凭借其资源优势和资金实力，不断在全球开展业务合作。阿布扎比政府早在几年前就宣布，政府计划允许更多企业投资石化工业，以充分利用阿布扎比酋长国丰富的天然气资源。

目前，阿联酋的石化工业发展正面临挑战。阿联酋的石化生产原本以原油生产过程的大量廉价伴生天然气为原料。但电力生产、海水脱盐和工业应用领域对能源需求的强劲增长大幅减少了石化领域的天然气供应。石化生产商只能被迫增加包括石脑油在内的液体原料来满足原料需求。另一方面，油价大幅下跌导致严重依赖石油收入的阿联酋政府的投资减少，也在引发对石化项目经济合理性的重新评估。此外，来自美国以页岩气为原料的石化项目以及中国煤化工项目的竞争，也加大了该国石化的发展压力。

3. Industrial pattern: mainly distributed in economically developed regions, while other regions are actively attracting investment

At present, the main chemical production bases in UAE are located in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, while other Emirates have little chemical production capacity. Abu Dhabi's industry is mainly concentrated in Abu Dhabi Industrial Zone and Rubies Industrial Zone. Dubai's industrial sector is mainly concentrated in Jebel Ali Industrial Zone. Abu Dhabi's power cost is lower than Dubai's, and its investment environment seems better for petrochemical downstream operators.

Since the production costs of the other five emirates, including labor, electricity and rent, are about 30 % lower than those of Dubai and Abu Dhabi, more and more operators are seeking to invest in the other five emirates. Sharjah is actively promoting a lower rent office space and a lower cost production base in Hamria Free Zone with a larger warehouse. Fujairah is also becoming an ideal investment site because of its good port conditions. Umm Qawan, Ajman and Ras Haima Emirates will also compete with other Emirates, but the specific plans of these Emirates to attract petrochemical downstream investment are still unclear.

4. Industrial competitiveness: shortage of raw materials and falling oil prices challenge competitiveness

The petrochemical industry in UAE is mainly supported by several large enterprises. These enterprises have considerable influence in the world and are mainly concentrated in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. With its resource advantages and financial strength, the petrochemical enterprises in the United Arab Emirates continue to carry out business cooperation in the world. The Abu Dhabi government announced a few years ago that it plans to allow more enterprises to invest in the petrochemical industry in order to take full advantage of the rich natural gas resources in the emirate of Abu Dhabi.

At present, the development of petrochemical industry in UAE is facing challenges. The petrochemical production in UAE was originally based on a large amount of cheap associated natural gas from crude oil production. However, the strong growth in energy demand in the fields of power production, seawater desalination and industrial applications has greatly reduced the supply of natural gas in the petrochemical sector. Petrochemical manufacturers can only be forced to increase liquid raw materials including naphtha to meet the demand for raw materials. On the other hand, the sharp drop in oil prices has led to a decrease in investment by the UAE government, which relies heavily on oil revenue, and is also triggering a reassessment of the economic rationality of petrochemical projects. In addition, competition from U.S. petrochemical projects using shale gas as raw materials and China's coal chemical projects has also increased the pressure on the country's petrochemical development.

(五)商贸物流业

由于突出的区位优势和良好的贸易环境，阿联酋成为全球重要的转口贸易中心，物流基础设施完善，海洋与航空运输发展优势明显。特别是在全球能源价格持续低迷的情况下，多元化的经济发展战略使得商贸物流行业成为阿联酋举足轻重的产业之一。

1.发展现状：基础优势明显，发展潜力巨大

阿联酋位于阿拉伯半岛东部，波斯湾与阿拉伯海交界处，覆盖环绕波斯湾和阿拉伯海的9个国家和周边阿拉伯国家近4亿人口。特殊的地理位置塑造了阿联酋商贸物流业的发展，使其成为中东、北非和东欧地区最大的商品集散地和展览市场。

2015年阿联酋物流市场价值达到270亿美元(占当年GDP的6%)。阿联酋物流业主要由四个细分领域组成，包括运输服务、仓储服务、货代服务和增值物流服务，其中货运代理服务所占份额最大，达到62%，运输服务位列第二，占比达到18%，仓储服务占16%，包装、贴标签等增值物流服务占4%。

据世界银行发布的2016年世界物流绩效指数排行，在全球160个国家排名中，阿联酋位列全球物流表现指数第13位，也是中东北非地区物流绩效最高的国家。该排行根据参评国的海关服务、基础设施质量、发货及时性等方面的综合表现评定，每两年发布一次。

2.政策导向：投资持续增长，打造全球物流中心

阿联酋政府非常重视物流行业发展，不断提高物流行业投资规模，计划将阿联酋建设成为全球物流中心。得天独厚的区位优势和良好的物流设施基础，使得阿联酋越来越重视物流行业发展，特别是运输和分拨业务。

阿联酋政府正着力打造一系列大项目，包括阿勒马克图姆国际机场、迪拜物流城、迪拜物流走廊和杰贝阿里港扩地项目、沙迦哈姆利亚自由贸易区、阿布扎比哈利法港口和工业区项目。

( five ) business logistics industry

Due to its outstanding location advantages and good trading environment, UAE has become an important entrepot trade center in the world, with perfect logistics infrastructure and obvious advantages in maritime and air transport development. Especially when the global energy price continues to be low, the diversified economic development strategy makes the trade logistics industry one of the most important industries in UAE.

1. Current situation of development: obvious basic advantages and huge development potential

The UAE is located in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula, at the border between the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea, covering nearly 400 million people in nine countries and neighboring Arab countries surrounding the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea. The special geographical position has shaped the development of UAE's trade and logistics industry, making it the largest distribution center and exhibition market in the Middle East, North Africa and Eastern Europe.

In 2015, the UAE logistics market value reached US $ 27 billion ( accounting for 6 % of GDP in that year ). The logistics industry in UAE is mainly composed of four sub - areas, including transportation services, warehousing services, freight forwarding services and value-added logistics services, with freight forwarding services accounting for the largest share, reaching 62 %, transportation services ranking second, accounting for 18 %, warehousing services accounting for 16 %, packaging, labeling and other value-added logistics services accounting for 4 %.

According to the 2016 World Logistics Performance Index released by the World Bank, the United Arab Emirates ranks 13th among the 160 countries in the world in terms of logistics performance index and is also the country with the highest logistics performance in the Middle East and North Africa region. The ranking is issued every two years according to the comprehensive performance evaluation of participating countries in terms of customs services, infrastructure quality and timeliness of delivery.

2. Policy Orientation: Investment continues to grow, creating a global logistics center

The UAE government attaches great importance to the development of the logistics industry, continuously increases the investment scale of the logistics industry, and plans to build the UAE into a global logistics center. The unique location advantage and good logistics infrastructure make UAE pay more and more attention to the development of logistics industry, especially transportation and distribution business.

The UAE government is working hard to build a series of major projects, including the Allermark Tum International Airport, Dubai Logistics City, Dubai Logistics Corridor and Jebel Ali Port Expansion Project, Sharjah Hamlia Free Trade Zone, Abu Dhabi Khalifa Port and Industrial Zone Project.

3.产业格局：海洋与航空运输发展势头迅猛

在阿联酋的物流业中,海洋运输和航空运输的发展势头尤其迅猛。阿联酋拥有世界最大的机场、全球第三大港口与自贸区共同打造的良好物流设施基础，具备海陆空复合物流渠道，在航空和海运物流方面实力突出，是全球重要的空海多式联运中心。

迪拜的杰布阿里自由贸易区南区机场是全球最大的客货兼容机场，设计货运能力达到1200万吨，拥有16条跑道，客运能力达到1.6亿人次，未来将成为中东唯一可以涵盖铁路、公路、海运、空运四种不同运输方式无缝衔接的多式联运航空枢纽。杰布阿里港则是继新加坡和香港之后的全球第三大转口中心，是全球三大集装箱港之一，海港深度达到17米，码头设计堆装容量达到1900国际标准箱。

4.产业竞争力：市场潜力较大，投资环境良好

国内市场货物进口和国际市场货物中转贸易的持续扩大，为阿联酋商贸物流业发展提供了广阔的发展空间和不竭的市场需求。作为全球主要的能源国家，除石油和天然气之外，阿联酋市场上从工业用原料、设备到民用生活物品均依赖进口，年均贸易额约为800亿美元。据全球知名管理咨询公司科尔尼公布的2016年全球零售业发展指数，阿联酋位列全球第七位，零售市场总额达到690亿美元，人均销售额为7159美元，为海湾地区最高水平。

同时，作为全球主要的贸易枢纽和中转贸易中心，阿联酋与全球220多个国家和地区建立了贸易网络，产品可以从阿联酋出口到全球198个市场。往来中东80%以上的货物要经过迪拜中转，再出口到中东、非洲和欧洲等地。

阿联酋自由贸易区的发展促进了转口贸易的快速增长，为阿联酋商贸物流业发展提供了巨大的发展空间和市场需求。阿联酋已建成的自由贸易区数量达到17个，仍有12个自由贸易区正在开发建设阶段，投资总额达到40亿美元，吸引了世界各国5000多家企业入驻。阿联酋自由贸易区对入区企业实行100%进出口货物免税、15年免交公司所得税、免征个人所得税政策，同时支持公司资本和利润100%自由汇兑，为入区投资企业提供了良好的投资政策环境。

3. Industrial pattern: The development momentum of ocean and air transport is rapid

In the logistics industry of UAE, the development momentum of ocean transportation and air transportation is particularly rapid. The United Arab Emirates has the world's largest airport, the world's third largest port and a good logistics infrastructure jointly built by the FTZ, has air, sea and land composite logistics channels, has outstanding strength in aviation and maritime logistics, and is an important air-sea multimodal transport center in the world.

Dubai's Jebel Ali Free Trade Zone South Airport is the world's largest passenger and cargo compatible airport, with a designed freight capacity of 12million tons, 16 runways and 160 million passenger trips. It will become the only multi-modal transport hub in the Middle East that can seamlessly connect four different modes of transport: rail, road, sea and air. Jeb Ali Port is the world's third largest entrepot after Singapore and Hong Kong. It is one of the world's three largest container ports, with a harbor depth of 17 meters and a wharf design stacking capacity of 1900 international standard containers.

4. Industrial competitiveness: The market potential is large and the investment environment is good

The continuous expansion of domestic market goods import and international market goods transit trade has provided UAE with broad development space and inexhaustible market demand for the development of trade and logistics industry. As the world's major energy country, the UAE relies on imports of industrial raw materials, equipment and household goods, with an average annual trade volume of about 80 billion US dollars, except for oil and natural gas. According to the 2016 global retail development index released by the world-renowned management consulting firm Coley, the UAE ranks seventh in the world, with a total retail market of US $ 69 billion and per capita sales of US $ 7159, the highest level in the Gulf region.

At the same time, as the world's major trade hub and transit trade center, UAE has established trade networks with more than 220 countries and regions worldwide, and products can be exported from UAE to 198 markets around the world. More than 80 % of the goods going to and from the Middle East have to transit through Dubai before being exported to the Middle East, Africa, Europe and other places.

The development of UAE Free Trade Zone promotes the rapid growth of re-export trade and provides huge development space and market demand for the development of UAE commercial and logistics industry. The UAE has built 17 free trade zones, and there are still 12 free trade zones under development and construction, with a total investment of US $ 4 billion, attracting more than 5,000 enterprises from all over the world. The UAE Free Trade Zone implements the policy of 100 % exemption of import and export goods, 15 years exemption of corporate income tax and exemption of personal income tax for enterprises entering the zone, and supports 100 % free exchange of corporate capital and profits, providing a good investment policy environment for enterprises entering the zone.

二、中国与阿联酋合作现状

(一)非石油贸易优势明显

中国与阿联酋建立贸易关系较早。1984年11月，中国与阿联酋建交至今三十多年来，两国贸易投资关系迅速发展。阿联酋连续多年成为中国在西亚北非地区的第二大贸易伙伴和第一大出口市场、第四大原油供应国。此外，在当前全球贸易疲弱的情况下，两国贸易规模仍保持基本稳定。2015年，受国际大宗商品价格走低、阿联酋内需减少等多重因素影响，双边贸易额降至485.5亿美元，但在中国同西亚北非地区贸易总额的占比仍然增至了19.7%。

近几年，两国非石油贸易增长显著。2015年阿中贸易额达548亿美元，其中非石油贸易475亿美元，占全部贸易额的86.67%。非石油贸易的突出表现也说明阿联酋整体经济正在摆脱对石油资源的依赖。

(二)投资合作有待加强

中国对阿联酋的投资逐年增长，但总量有限。阿联酋地处南亚—中东—非洲和中国—印度—中东—非洲等多个新贸易走廊战略核心位置，中东地区辐射能力达十多亿人口，加上其独特的地理位置、优越的金融环境和稳定的政治现状，对各国投资者有极大的吸引力。对中国来说，与阿联酋的投资合作，可以帮助中国开拓整个中东市场。但目前双方相关领域合作相比其他国家较为有限。

2015年，阿联酋吸引外国直接投资约110亿美元，其中吸引中国投资为12.69亿美元，中国投资占2015年阿联酋吸收外资总额的11.56%。根据《2015年度中国对外直接投资统计公报》，截至2015年中国对阿直接投资存量为46亿美元，占阿联酋累计吸收国外直接投资的3.65%。

Second, the current situation of cooperation between China and UAE

( 1 ) The advantages of non-oil trade are obvious

China and UAE established trade relations earlier. Since November 1984, when China and UAE established diplomatic relations more than 30 years ago, the trade and investment relationship between the two countries has developed rapidly. The UAE has been China's second largest trading partner, the first largest export market and the fourth largest supplier of crude oil in West Asia and North Africa for many years. In addition, despite the current weak global trade, the trade scale between the two countries remains basically stable. In 2015, the bilateral trade volume dropped to US $ 48.55 billion due to various factors such as lower international commodity prices and reduced domestic demand in the UAE, but the share of China's total trade with West Asia and North Africa still increased to 19.7 %.

In recent years, non-oil trade between the two countries has increased significantly. In 2015, the Sino - Arab trade volume reached 54.8 billion US dollars, of which 47.5 billion US dollars was non-oil trade, accounting for 86.67 % of the total trade volume. The outstanding performance of non-oil trade also shows that the UAE's overall economy is getting rid of its dependence on oil resources.

( B ) Investment cooperation needs to be strengthened

China's investment in UAE is increasing year by year, but the total amount is limited. The UAE is located at the strategic core of several new trade corridors, such as South Asia - Middle East - Africa and China - India - Middle East - Africa. The radiation capacity of the Middle East region has reached more than one billion people, and its unique geographical location, superior financial environment and stable political status have great attraction to investors from all over the world. For China, investment cooperation with UAE can help China to develop the entire Middle East market. However, at present, the cooperation between the two sides in related fields is relatively limited compared with other countries.

In 2015, the UAE attracted about US $ 11 billion in foreign direct investment, of which US $ 1.269 billion was attracted to China, which accounted for 11.56 % of the UAE's total foreign investment in 2015. According to China's Foreign Direct Investment Statistics Bulletin for 2015, the stock of China's foreign direct investment in Afghanistan as of 2015 was US $ 4.6 billion, accounting for 3.65 % of the total foreign direct investment absorbed by the UAE.

三、中阿开展非石油经济合作建议

与贸易合作的发展势头相比，中国与阿联酋的投资还有相当大的差距。由于特殊的地理位置和开放的市场环境，阿联酋吸引外资的能力一直较强。但中国对阿联酋的投资与欧美国家相比有相当差距，中国也非阿联酋主要投资国。

未来，中国应在非石油经济领域加大投资，一方面可以与阿联酋现有的经济发展方向一致，投资合作能够顺利开展。另一方面，避免落人口实，认为中国在掠夺他人的不可再生资源。但开展非石油经济的投资也需要考虑实体经济与人文交流的结合，借助民间旅游文化构建起来的不断深入的理解和文化融合，推动经济往来。

(一)非石油经济投资，金融先行

积极利用现有的中阿共同投资基金和伊斯兰金融等融资平台，推动中国企业在阿联酋实现成功的投资合作。

2015年中阿成立的总额为100亿美元的共同投资基金，拟在常规和可再生能源、基础设施、科技与先进制造等多个领域投资，其中非石油经济是主要内容。因此，未来中国企业在阿联酋的投资合作可通过这一平台开展，其优势在于中方投资者的利益可以在中方基金管理者的关注下得到充分保障，并能够通过充分沟通制定符合自身特点的投资方案。

另外，在中东地区金融领域占有重要地位的伊斯兰金融也可以作为又一个可利用的融资平台。由于伊斯兰金融相较于传统金融机构，有其自身独特之处，例如，偏保守的商业模式和对高风险业务的规避使它们盈利能力稳定，长期来看的确显著好于传统银行。利用阿联酋对伊斯兰金融的重要影响力以及其自身的全球金融中心地位，可以突破当地融资瓶颈，进入以往受到其他国家高度垄断的领域，如高端机械等。

III. Proposals for Sino - Arab Economic Cooperation in Africa

Compared with the development momentum of trade cooperation, there is still a considerable gap in investment between China and UAE. Due to its special geographical location and open market environment, the UAE has always been able to attract foreign investment. However, China's investment in UAE is quite different from that in Europe and America, and China is not a major investor in UAE.

In the future, China should increase its investment in non-oil economy. On the one hand, it can be in line with the current economic development direction of UAE and investment cooperation can be smoothly carried out. On the other hand, avoid falling into the population and think that China is robbing others of non-renewable resources. However, investment in non-oil economy also needs to consider the combination of real economy and cultural exchanges, and promote economic exchanges with the help of the deepening understanding and cultural integration built up by folk tourism culture.

( a ) non-oil economic investment, financial first

Actively use existing China - Arab mutual investment funds and Islamic finance and other financing platforms to promote successful investment cooperation between Chinese enterprises in the UAE.

In 2015, China and Albania set up a 10 billion US dollar mutual investment fund to invest in conventional and renewable energy, infrastructure, science and technology, advanced manufacturing and other fields, of which non-oil economy is the main content. Therefore, the future investment cooperation of Chinese enterprises in UAE can be carried out through this platform. Its advantage lies in that the interests of Chinese investors can be fully protected under the attention of Chinese fund managers, and investment plans that meet their own characteristics can be formulated through full communication.

In addition, Islamic finance, which occupies an important position in the financial field in the Middle East region, can also serve as another available financing platform. Compared with traditional financial institutions, Islamic finance has its own unique features, such as conservative business model and avoidance of high-risk businesses, which make it stable in profitability, and it is indeed significantly better than traditional banks in the long run. Taking advantage of UAE's important influence on Islamic finance and its own position as a global financial center can break through the bottleneck of local financing and enter areas that were highly monopolized by other countries in the past, such as high-end machinery.

(二)加强清洁能源和绿色经济领域的投资合作

阿联酋将非石油经济作为国家未来发展的方向，为此阿联酋将清洁能源和围绕清洁能源消耗的工业作为未来工业发展的方向。阿联酋计划在2021年实现清洁能源在整体能源结构当中占比21%的目标。阿联酋政府于2015年联合国能源峰会中再次确认了会在可再生能源领域投入更多的关注和投资。同时表示，将在国内和国际上以特别许可、贷款以及其他金融支持的形式给予可再生能源行业更多关照。

中国自十八大以来，将清洁能源等绿色经济相关的内容作为未来可持续发展的重要方向，并从财政、科研的角度给予大力支持，目前已有较为成熟的技术出现在相关领域。未来中国与阿联酋的合作可在相关领域发力。通过合作研发和技术合作应用，占领新兴合作市场，为加强未来与阿联酋的经济联系作铺垫。

(三)加强阿联酋海外仓储投资布局

海外仓储关系到中国在相关地区货物转口／中转能力。随着中国对中东地区贸易量的加大，对自阿联酋中转的货物需求仍将快速增长。尤其是跨境电商业务量的突飞猛进，更加提升对仓储的要求。因此中国企业需要积极布局阿联酋海外仓储投资。一方面满足货物中转的需求，利用迪拜运输和物流中心辐射中东和非洲地区的优势，在阿联酋尽快建立较为齐全的仓储运营中心，向中东和东非拓展服务半径和辐射范围。另一方面，也可利用阿联酋完善的物流基础设施和阿联酋自由贸易区政策优势，为当地商贸企业提供第三方物流服务

(四)通过旅游合作加强人文交流

跨境旅游是相关国家民间人文交流的重要形式。中国与阿联酋的经贸合作宜长远谋划，需要通过经贸与人文交流双向推动，通过不断提升的相互理解，促进经贸合作的顺利有效开展。因此旅游合作可以作为重要的投资领域加以关注。

具体而言，可通过双向旅游合作推动民间文化交流和沟通。一方面，面向阿联酋游客，根据其消费习惯和宗教文化特点，推出“中国文化之旅”，让其有机会充分理解和了解中国文化。另一方面，根据阿联酋各酋长国的不同人文特点，开展面向国内游客的“中东文化体验之旅”，推动中国人了解中东人文特点和习惯。

( 2 ) Strengthening investment cooperation in clean energy and green economy

The UAE regards the non-oil economy as the future development direction of the country. For this reason, the UAE regards clean energy and industries surrounding clean energy consumption as the future industrial development direction. The UAE plans to achieve the goal of 21 % clean energy in the overall energy structure by 2021. The UAE government reaffirmed at the UN Energy Summit in 2015 that it will invest more attention and investment in renewable energy. At the same time, he said, more attention will be given to the renewable energy industry in the form of special permits, loans and other financial support at home and abroad.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has taken green economy related contents such as clean energy as an important direction for future sustainable development, and has given strong support from the perspective of finance and scientific research. At present, more mature technologies have appeared in related fields. In the future, cooperation between China and the United Arab Emirates can be strengthened in related fields. Through cooperative research and development and technical cooperation applications, it will occupy emerging cooperative markets and pave the way for strengthening economic ties with the UAE in the future.

( 3 ) Strengthening the overseas warehousing investment layout of UAE

Overseas warehousing is related to China's transit / transshipment capacity of goods in relevant regions. With the increase of China's trade volume to the Middle East, the demand for goods transiting from UAE will continue to grow rapidly. In particular, the rapid growth of cross-border e-commerce business has increased the requirements for warehousing. Therefore, Chinese enterprises need to actively allocate overseas warehousing investment in UAE. On the one hand, it can meet the demand of goods transit, take advantage of Dubai's transportation and logistics center to radiate to the Middle East and Africa, set up a relatively complete warehouse operation center in UAE as soon as possible, and expand its service radius and scope to the Middle East and East Africa. On the other hand, it can also take advantage of UAE's perfect logistics infrastructure and UAE's free trade area policy advantages to provide third-party logistics services for local commercial enterprises.

( 4 ) strengthening cultural exchanges through tourism cooperation

Cross - border tourism is an important form of folk cultural exchange in related countries. The economic and trade cooperation between China and the United Arab Emirates should be planned in the long run, and it needs to be promoted in both directions through economic and cultural exchanges and through constantly improving mutual understanding to promote the smooth and effective development of economic and trade cooperation. Therefore, tourism cooperation can be regarded as an important investment area.

Specifically, the two-way tourism cooperation can promote the exchange and communication of folk culture. On the one hand, for UAE tourists, according to their consumption habits and religious and cultural characteristics, they will launch a " Chinese cultural tour" to give them a chance to fully understand and understand Chinese culture. On the other hand, according to the different cultural characteristics of the Emirates, a " Middle East cultural experience tour" for domestic tourists will be carried out to promote Chinese people to understand the cultural characteristics and customs of the Middle East.