成長型思維的力量 (The Power of a Growth Mindset)

「成長型思維」（Growth Mindset）不僅是一種心理學概念，更是一套面對挑戰、處理挫敗與持續學習的態度。與之相對的「固定型思維」（Fixed Mindset）則容易讓人受限於「天生條件」和短期失敗，無法持續突破。在快速變遷的世界裡，成長型思維能帶給我們面對未知與改變的堅韌與彈性。以下十個章節將從基礎原理、方法到多種情境應用，帶你深入探討「成長型思維」如何成就更豐富的人生與成功。

一、什麼是成長型思維？──與固定型思維的差異

故事舉例假說： 阿明自小被稱「聰明」卻害怕嘗試新事物，因為一旦失敗就怕他人笑他不夠優秀。這是一種固定型思維（Fixed Mindset）──相信能力是天生固定，不敢冒險。直到他看了成長型思維書籍，才發現「努力與學習能大幅改變能力」。他開始願意挑戰新領域，即使初期不擅長也不再畏懼，反而欣喜於不斷提升的過程。

(3個重點)：

1. 固定型思維：認為能力、智力天生固定，易逃避挑戰、害怕失敗。
2. 成長型思維：相信能力可經由努力與學習提升，失敗是過程的一部分。
3. 不同思維決定面對挫折與挑戰時的態度與行動。

二、超越「天生」：擁抱可塑性與挑戰

故事舉例假說： 小華自認數學不行，曾經面對數字題就挫敗。後來她開始看見「腦可塑性」的研究，理解大腦能在練習中強化神經連結，於是她給自己分階段攻略數學：基礎練習—練習題—應用解題。這種「可塑性」觀念讓她從抵觸變得願意花時間，最終也獲得考試好成績，更體會「原先認為的『沒天份』可能只是未經適當努力」。

(3個重點)：

1. 成長型思維強調「大腦可塑性」，能力可經過練習持續精進。
2. 面對「自認不行」的領域，先嘗試科學化、系統性練習。
3. 認知自身可塑性，能激發更大膽嘗試與動力。

三、面對失敗：失敗是學習，不是結局

故事舉例假說： 小玲創業初期就慘敗，短時間內公司倒閉。她一度陷入自我否定，認為自己「沒有做老闆的天分」。但受成長型思維啟發，她冷靜分析公司經營過程中的失誤，諸如市場定位不明、財務規劃不足等。她將失敗經驗逐一分解並重啟第二次創業。雖然仍遇難題，但她懂得更快調整策略，最終逆轉獲得穩定發展。

(3個重點)：

1. 失敗並不等於否定個人，而是檢討與修正的絕佳機會。
2. 成長型思維下的失敗，只是通往成功的「必經過程」。
3. 關鍵在於能否從失敗提煉教訓，持續嘗試新策略。

四、精進心態：看重過程與努力，而非僅結果

故事舉例假說： 小安工作多年，領導專案時，一旦達不到目標就極度沮喪。後來在公司培訓裡，他學到「關注努力過程勝過結果分數」。於是他調整帶領團隊的方式，鼓勵成員互相分享過程學習與突破。縱使結果可能與預期有差距，也會從失誤中擷取技巧，下次更進步。長期下來，團隊氣氛與成果反而更好。

(3個重點)：

1. 專注於過程與努力能培養穩定動力，而不只盯著最終成績。
2. 鼓勵團隊或自己反思「這次學到了什麼」，勝於「結果好不好」。
3. 過程導向能帶來深層成長，也更易持續邁進。

五、自我對話：用正面語言替換負面標籤

故事舉例假說： 小強從小被批評動作慢，自己常用「我就是笨」來敘述自己。當他理解成長型思維後，開始改用「我目前動作稍慢，需要學更好的時間管理」的語言，並給自己挑戰性任務來驗證成長。透過每次不斷嘗試，並調整方法，他找回自信，也不再貼「笨」的標籤，而是接受「暫時不熟練」並努力改進。

(3個重點)：

1. 自我對話影響我們對能力與挫折的詮釋模式。
2. 負面標籤易導致自我設限，改用「現在還不熟」替代「我不行」。
3. 情緒與思維正向轉變能帶動後續行動策略。

六、在團隊中實踐成長型思維：打造增長文化

故事舉例假說： 小宏是新上任的部門主管，他希望團隊敢於創新卻又怕犯錯。於是他建立「學習分享會」，讓大家分享成功與失誤案例，鼓勵在檢討時不追究責任，而是一起找出改善策略。他亦重視提問與開放空間，強調「沒有永遠正確，只有一起學習」。結果團隊中「不再害怕犯錯」，反而團結合作以求突破，創下多項新專案佳績。

(3個重點)：

1. 建立成長型思維文化要先容許「犯錯中學習」，而非懲罰失誤。
2. 分享學習心得與過程，可提升團隊彼此間的互信與成長。
3. 領導者的態度非常重要；若高層鼓勵挑戰創新，才能推動組織向前。

七、家庭中的成長型思維：孩子與父母的互相激勵

故事舉例假說： 小英有一個熱愛畫畫但遇挫就放棄的孩子。過去她習慣誇獎「你很有天分」，導致孩子害怕展現拙劣作品。後來她學到成長型思維：改用「我看到你很努力找新技巧」「你的進步空間還很大」等詞彙。孩子發現錯誤與失敗不再令人羞愧，而是能讓他更上層樓，於是逐漸勇於嘗試與參加比賽。

(3個重點)：

1. 父母對孩子的讚美方式會影響孩子對挫敗與努力的看法。
2. 稱讚孩子「努力過程」比只誇「天分」更能激發學習動力。
3. 成長型思維家庭，能培養成員彼此間樂於探索且不懼失敗的態度。

八、突破自我設限：面對「我的極限」的再定義

故事舉例假說： 小芬向來認為自己運動神經差，不可能跑完半程馬拉松。某天她靈機一動想挑戰自己；先從每天跑10分鐘開始，漸漸加到20分鐘、30分鐘。中途曾因體能瓶頸陷入懷疑，但她轉念告訴自己「我只是現在還跑不動，再努力就能進步」。最終她成功完成半馬，也發現「極限常是你自己定義的」，只要願意接受改變和練習，能力可不斷拓展。

(3個重點)：

1. 「極限」往往是腦中自設的框架，成長型思維鼓勵跳脫束縛。
2. 循序漸進的挑戰與檢討，可令舊的極限逐漸被打破。
3. 必要時重複提醒自己：「我尚未達成，不代表永遠無法做到。」

九、面對逆境與風險：動態調整與彈性反應

故事舉例假說： 小安在投資理財方面遭遇重大虧損，一開始頓感挫敗，幾乎放棄所有投資活動。後來，她依照成長型思維理念，將失敗看作一次學習機會：檢討自己缺乏風險分散、情報不足。她尋找專業意見，重新學習理財策略，佈局更穩健。雖還有風險，但她處理壓力更淡定，視風險為學習經驗而非災難。

(3個重點)：

1. 在逆境中能夠動態調整策略，而非情緒化一概否定自己。
2. 風險與失誤成了「數據/經驗」，利於下次決策更周全。
3. 保持「錯了也能學」的態度，進而降低恐懼、勇於採取合理冒險。

十、長期維持成長型心態：在多變環境中不斷蛻變

故事舉例假說： 小林從年輕時就嘗到成長型思維的甜頭，因此在每個人生階段都習慣做定期反思：檢視近期學到什麼、還可在哪些面向加強。即使他升上高階主管，仍參與課程、閱讀大量新知。他笑說：「外在環境變，你也要跟著變嘛。」維持更新、持續進化，讓他在各種工作與生活角色中都能自如轉換，擁抱人生更多可能。

(3個重點)：

1. 成長型思維並非一朝一夕，而是一生持續的「自我學習循環」。
2. 定期反思並主動尋求新知，能使人生保持新鮮與彈性。
3. 環境越動盪，越需要調整步伐、更新技能，方能面對未來挑戰。

結語：迎向改變，讓「成長型思維」塑造更豐富的人生

「成長型思維」就是相信每個人透過努力、嘗試與調適，都能在能力與成就上不斷突破自己。它鼓勵我們看待失敗如同必修課，而非證明「我不行」；也幫助我們在他人或環境的改變下，保持彈性與學習熱情。 如果你正面臨人生關卡或想要跨出舒適圈，不妨試試「成長型思維」的視角：承認自己尚未能完美掌握，但願意學習、嘗試、再修正。時間長久下來，你將發現自己不斷蜕變，能在多重挑戰中保持自信與韌性，以更寬闊與持久的方式迎向成功與人生新境界。

-李士展 (Shi-Zhan Li)

英文版(English version)

A “growth mindset” is not merely a psychological concept but also a way to approach challenges, handle setbacks, and keep learning. In contrast, a “fixed mindset” often leads people to remain confined by “inborn traits” or to abandon efforts when they face short-term failure. In our rapidly shifting world, a growth mindset brings resilience and adaptability for coping with change and uncertainty. The following ten chapters explore the basic principles, methods, and applications of a growth mindset, helping you build a richer life and greater success.

1. What Is a Growth Mindset?—The Difference Between Growth and Fixed Mindsets

Hypothetical Story Example: A-Ming was often praised as “smart” but feared trying new things, worried he’d lose that label if he failed—typical of a fixed mindset, which views ability as unchangeable. Reading about the growth mindset made him realize “effort and learning can drastically improve skills.” He began exploring new fields, undeterred by initial ineptitude, actually enjoying his ongoing growth.

(3 Key Points):

1. Fixed mindset: Believes intelligence or ability is innate; avoids challenges and dreads failure.
2. Growth mindset: Views abilities as expandable through learning and effort, treating setbacks as part of the journey.
3. Which mindset you hold profoundly shapes your attitude and actions in the face of obstacles.

2. Going Beyond “Innate”—Embracing Malleability and Challenge

Hypothetical Story Example: Xiao-Hua believed she was “bad at math,” feeling helpless at numerical tasks. Discovering research on “brain plasticity,” she realized practice could strengthen neural connections. Adopting a step-by-step approach—basic exercises, practice problems, and applied problem-solving—she overcame her mental block. Over time, she scored well on exams and recognized that her previous notion of “lack of talent” was simply an untested assumption.

(3 Key Points):

1. A growth mindset emphasizes “brain plasticity,” the idea that abilities can expand with practice.
2. When you think “I can’t do this,” try systematic, scientific training to discover your true capacity.
3. Understanding your malleable potential fosters bolder attempts and higher motivation.

3. Dealing with Failure: A Chance to Learn, Not the End

Hypothetical Story Example: Xiao-Ling’s first business crashed quickly, leaving her feeling worthless. Initially, she believed she “wasn’t cut out to be a boss.” Motivated by the growth mindset, she methodically examined mistakes in her business—poor market positioning, weak financial planning—transforming them into lessons for her second venture. Though new hurdles arose, she adapted faster each time and ultimately stabilized her business, realizing that failure is just part of the process.

(3 Key Points):

1. Failure doesn’t define you; it’s a prime opportunity for review and adaptation.
2. Under a growth mindset, failures become stepping stones toward ultimate success.
3. The key is extracting lessons from failure and continually refining your approach.

4. Focusing on Improvement: Valuing Effort Over Outcomes

Hypothetical Story Example: Xiao-An, a seasoned professional, would feel down if targets weren’t met. A company training taught him, “Focus on effort, not just the final grade.” He changed his leadership style, encouraging his team to share learning points and breakthroughs. Even if results varied, they gleaned techniques from each misstep, improving each time. Over the long run, the team’s morale and performance both soared.

(3 Key Points):

1. Prioritizing effort and growth fosters sustainable motivation, beyond merely hitting numbers.
2. Ask “What did we learn?” rather than “Is the result good or bad?”
3. Process-oriented thinking promotes deeper development and steady progress.

5. Self-Talk: Replacing Negative Labels with Positive Messages

Hypothetical Story Example: Xiao-Qiang grew up being called “slow,” labeling himself as “dumb.” Embracing the growth mindset, he replaced “I’m dumb” with “I’m currently a bit slow—maybe I need better time management.” He actively set challenges to test his growth, eventually regaining confidence and discarding the “I’m dumb” label. He realized “not good at it yet” is more productive than “I can’t do it.”

(3 Key Points):

1. Inner dialogue shapes how we interpret ability and setbacks.
2. Negative labeling can limit potential; “not good yet” is preferable to “I’m incapable.”
3. Positive, growth-oriented self-talk inspires action strategies rather than self-defeat.

6. Applying a Growth Mindset in Teams: Building a Culture of Progress

Hypothetical Story Example: A-Hong, newly appointed department head, wanted creativity without punishing mistakes. He launched “learning sessions,” where team members shared success and failure stories, focusing on strategies for improvement, not blame. He also encouraged open questioning. Over time, the team shed its fear of errors, uniting around new challenges and achieving remarkable project results.

(3 Key Points):

1. Building a growth mindset culture means tolerating “learning through mistakes” instead of penalizing errors.
2. Sharing knowledge, experiences, and lessons fosters collaboration and mutual trust.
3. Leadership’s attitude is crucial; if management supports innovation, the organization can truly move forward.

7. Growth Mindset at Home: Mutual Encouragement for Children and Parents

Hypothetical Story Example: Xiao-Ying’s child loved drawing but gave up when facing setbacks. She used to say “You’re so talented,” inadvertently leading him to avoid showing imperfect art. After learning about growth mindset, she switched to phrases like “I see you worked hard finding new techniques” or “There’s lots of room to grow.” The child realized mistakes and failures weren’t shameful but part of progress, gradually daring to try new contests.

(3 Key Points):

1. Parents’ praise style shapes a child’s view of failure and effort.
2. Valuing the child’s effort rather than praising “talent” fosters a stronger drive to learn.
3. A growth mindset family nurtures curiosity and reduces fear of setbacks for all members.

8. Overcoming Self-Imposed Limits: Redefining “My Maximum”

Hypothetical Story Example: Xiao-Fen believed she was too unathletic to complete a half marathon. She decided to challenge herself, starting with ten-minute runs daily and slowly extending her time. Though she hit plateaus, her growth mindset reminded her, “I’m simply not there yet—I can improve.” Eventually, she finished a half marathon, learning that “limits are often self-defined,” and with consistent practice, abilities can expand.

(3 Key Points):

1. “Limits” often arise from mental constraints; a growth mindset breaks those assumptions.
2. Gradual challenges and reflection can push you past old boundaries.
3. Repeatedly remind yourself: “I can’t do it now” doesn’t mean “I’ll never do it.”

9. Dealing with Adversity and Risk: Adaptive Strategies and Flexibility

Hypothetical Story Example: Xiao-An lost a considerable sum in investing, feeling devastated and momentarily giving up all trading. Embracing a growth mindset, she framed that loss as a lesson in diversification and research. She sought professional advice, reworked her strategies, and planned more cautiously. Although risks remain, she now handles pressure with composure, viewing losses as “data/experience” rather than a total disaster.

(3 Key Points):

1. In adversity, adapt your approach instead of reacting emotionally or judging yourself too harshly.
2. Mistakes become “information for better decisions,” fueling wiser tactics next time.
3. Maintaining a “learn-from-failure” mentality reduces fear and encourages sensible boldness.

10. Sustaining a Growth Mindset: Continual Evolution in a Changing Environment

Hypothetical Story Example: Xiao-Lin benefited from a growth mindset early in his career, so at each life stage, he regularly self-assesses: “What have I learned, and where can I improve?” Even after rising to a top executive role, he still takes courses and reads extensively, saying, “When the world changes, you change with it.” This habit of updating and evolving has kept him agile in different professional and personal roles, expanding the scope of life’s possibilities.

(3 Key Points):

1. A growth mindset is not achieved overnight but nurtured over a lifetime of learning cycles.
2. Regular introspection and active pursuit of knowledge keep life fresh and adaptable.
3. The more the environment shifts, the more you need to modify your pace and refresh your skillset to face the future.

Conclusion: Embrace Change—Let a Growth Mindset Shape a Richer Life

A growth mindset affirms that through effort, experimentation, and flexibility, we can continuously surpass our own limitations. It encourages us to see failure not as proof of “I can’t” but as an inevitable lesson on the path to success. It also helps us remain open-minded and eager to learn amid changes in our surroundings.

Whenever you face a life hurdle or yearn to escape your comfort zone, remember the perspective of a growth mindset: admitting you’re not yet perfect at something but willing to keep learning, trying, and refining. Over time, you’ll see yourself transforming, maintaining confidence and resilience in many endeavors, and opening doors to success and new frontiers in life.

-Shi Zhan Li (李士展)

這些都是我上了很多課程才學會的東西！

These are things I learned from taking many courses!

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