????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? Business Partner C1 ??? ??? – ??????

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???? Business Partner C1 ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? Business Higher C1 ???. (BEC Cambridge)

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Understanding what makes inventors tick

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Technology and industry are increasingly reliant on innovation and are eager to support creative individuals. This can be frustrating when the process of innovation goes against the grain of businesses that demand productivity and efficiency.

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Two qualities that define creativity are divergent thinking — thinking beyond normal boundaries — cognitive flexibility, the capacity to restructure ideas and see connections. While most of us look for conventional answers, people with these qualities risk going beyond what is familiar. Understanding their unique ways of thinking is essential to getting the best out of them. Science has found links between highly creative, healthy people and individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

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Dr Shelley Carson, a lecturer in psychology at Harvard University, says creativity and schizotypal personality features often go hand in hand because of cognitive disinhibition.

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'They lack [cognitive] filters which the rest of us have for social appropriateness. Cognitive disinhibition is also likely at the heart of what we think of as the "aha!" experience. During moments of insight, cognitive filters relax momentarily and allow ideas that are on the brain's back burners to leap forward into conscious awareness.'

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Her ideas are supported by research at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, which has shown that the dopamine system in the brains of healthy, highly creative people is similar to that of people with schizophrenia.

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Dopamine receptor genes are linked to divergent thinking, inherent in creativity and also associated with psychotic thoughts. Both groups have fewer D2-type dopamine receptors in the thalamus, the brain's filtering system. This enables a flow of information from the thalamus to the frontal lobes, where thoughts become constructive.

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Dr Carson says novel ideas result from a combination of high IQ, a capacity to hold many ideas in mind, and cognitive flexibility.

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Gary Klein, a cognitive psychologist, believes companies have much to learn in facilitating creativity. If businesses are to encourage innovation, they need to tolerate a degree of uncertainty. Managers should ask: 'What are we doing that's getting in the way of innovation?'

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Strictly adhering to a plan restricts the creative process. Klein says: 'If you want to kill a creative idea, have an organization that's very hierarchical. It only takes one person in the chain to kill an idea.'

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