Is it a Rosenwald School?
When you see an early 20th-century school building, how can you determine if it is a Rosenwald school? Certain architectural characteristics will be present in Rosenwald schools.
1. “Read” the building for information! Rosenwald schools had distinguishing features, the most noticeable being tall, narrow batteries of windows. Even if windows have been altered or filled in, the original configuration may still be evident. Most schools were built on short piers, sometimes enclosed by skirting. Smaller schools are generally plain, rectangular frame structures. Look for hipped or clipped gable roofs on Tuskegee plan schools and gable roofs on community school plan buildings. Inside, the walls may still feature blackboards above the wainscot, movable blackboards or folding partitions joining rooms, a stage at the end of one classroom, and small cloakrooms for coats and personal items. Larger schools may be built in an "H" plan with auditoriums, stages, and offices, along with cloakrooms. Sites may still include playing fields, vocational buildings, a teacher’s home, and privies.
2. Do Your Research! The plans and examples in this publication provide an overview of the basic Rosenwald designs. Look for copies of The Negro Rural School and Its Relation to the Community and Community School Plans at major libraries and state archives. Collections are housed at Fisk University’s Franklin Library in Nashville, TN. A portion of those records has been digitized and is available online at https://rosenwald.fisk.edu.
Much of the information needed to confirm a Rosenwald school can be found locally. County school records, local residents, and local histories can get you started. State archives housing state education department records or school insurance records may also reveal photo collections and other valuable records. Many state historic preservation offices have identified the Rosenwald schools in their state or have websites with additional information.
Visit www.rosenwaldschools.com for more research resources.
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