Intriguing Quantum #14

Intriguing Quantum #14

[October 2, 2024]

Welcome to the 14th issue of the Intriguing Quantum newsletter! IQ newsletter is curated by Oliver Rochford Rochford and Daniella Pontes, CISSP , and summarized using AI. Join us in scanning the horizon for the beginning of the Quantum Age. Engage in the conversation on our Intriguing Quantum Slack channel! Connect to discuss the latest trends, share insights, and explore the fascinating world of quantum computing and AI. Click here to join: Intriguing Quantum Slack Invitation . Also check out Oliver Rochford's The Curious AI Newsletter .



KEY TAKEAWAYS


The ChatGPT moment of quantum is going to happen in the next 18 months to two years when people suddenly realise this is really here and you can really access quantum computers at the level you need to start making game-changing innovations.

Chris Ballance - Co-Founder & CEO - Oxford Ionics


QUANTUM COMPUTING ADOPTION - Reaching To The Mass Market


The quantum computing field may be nearing its "ChatGPT moment"—a breakthrough application that showcases the technology's capabilities and accelerates widespread adoption. We have been making good progress? and many transformative applications are on the horizon. This includes breakthroughs in drug discovery through complex molecular simulations, optimization of financial investments, large-scale supply-chain logistics planning, and network traffic, as? the recent demonstration of mobile network performance improvement in Japan using quantum technology.

Quantum computing no longer seems quite such a distant possibility, but an active field delivering tangible results. Continuous advancements in QPU development, error correction, and practical applications demonstrate that the technology is maturing rapidly. Efforts toward mass production, the growth of quantum SaaS offerings, and the push for less restrictive operational requirements will make quantum computing more accessible than ever.

But what the industry has so far lacked is its own "ChatGPT moment"—that will showcase quantum computing's true potential to a mass consumer audience. That tipping point appears to be approaching. But for a lot of people, the belief in the quantum era is becoming more than just a possibility will require something that they can relate to.

Related article:

Quantum computing will have its “ChatGPT moment” in the next 18 months


POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY: Chrome Breaks The Inertia


Google's announcement that the November 6 release of Chrome will support post-quantum cryptography (PQC) sets a significant precedent for organizations to begin transitioning to quantum-resistant security protocols. It is also the first real mass deployment of technology to consumers heralding the quantum era.?

By integrating the NIST-standardized lattice-based Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) into its cryptography library, BoringSSL, Google provides a simple way for web services relying on this library for Transport Layer Security (TLS) to upgrade to quantum-resistant encryption algorithms. When you consider that quantum computers will soon be able to run Shor's algorithm, which can break current asymmetric encryption methods protecting browser communications and transactions, this is a brave and timely move.

This initiative by Google really underscores the urgency to update technical security controls and proactively begin the transition to quantum-safe encryption methods.? And it’s not just Google either. A recent Gartner article on post-quantum cryptography with the catchy title, ‘Begin Transitioning to Post-Quantum Cryptography Now’,? also advocates for early adoption of PQC.

The article calls for a quantum-safe strategy that entails organizations asking their vendors they identify in their inventory about their “plans for moving to post-quantum cryptography, the overall roadmap for implementation and the potential impact of upgrades to existing systems.” These sorts of requests will increasingly be pushed down the supply chain and begin creeping into buying criteria.? ?

Related article:

Google Confirms New Quantum Encryption For Chrome Is Coming Nov. 6 - Forbes

Post- Quantum Cryptography Is a Must to Protect Your Systems | Gartner


ALIEN QUANTUM: You’ve Got …An E.T. Call!

Are aliens waiting for us to pick up their quantum call?

We've been eagerly searching for signs of intelligent life beyond Earth. We've sent radio signals, listened for unusual cosmic noises, launched space telescopes, and even sent golden records into space—all in the hope of hearing something back. Yet the universe, with its unimaginable size and countless stars, remains awfully quiet. We call this Fermis Paradox .? But what if this cosmic silence isn't due to a lack of extraterrestrial greetings but because we are "quantum deaf"?

According to the intriguing article "Alien Phone Calls Could Be Quantum, And We're Not Ready to Hear Them" from Science Alert, advanced alien civilizations could be using quantum communication to reach out.

Imagine aliens who've long mastered quantum mechanics, casually sending messages across the cosmos using entangled particles. Meanwhile, here we are, still fumbling with our classical communications, trying to send messages in radio “bottles” to aliens millions of light-years away.

The notion that we might not be answering an alien call might be a blessing. If you want a sleepless night, look up the “Dark Forest ” hypothesis popularized by the Three-Body problem. But who can resist the temptation? By advancing quantum communication we might be able to finally join the interstellar conversation.?

— Ahoy! Earth speaking. Who is there?

Related article:

Alien Phone Calls Could Be Quantum , And We're Not Ready to Hear Them - Science Alert


QUANTUM COMPUTING: Quantum Computing Tech-BOM




The path to practical quantum computing involves overcoming significant technical and engineering challenges that extend far beyond the choice of Quantum Processing Unit (QPU) model. Environment control and cryogenics play vital roles in maintaining qubit coherence, with profound implications for practical quantum computing. Moreover, the tight integration of quantum and classical technologies — including connectivity and control mechanisms—is essential for manipulating qubits, performing gate operations, error correction, and supporting parallel computing.

The article "What is Quantum Computing? " , the source of the quantum computer image in this issue, provides a good overview of the anatomy of quantum computing using superconducting qubit technology. While other quantum computing platforms employing different qubit modalities (e.g., trapped ions, neutral atoms, photonics), all require new sets of controls and ancillary systems, this overview, exemplified by Oxford Quantum Circuits (OQC) using superconducting qubits, offers a good glimpse of the magnitude and scope of innovation required for quantum computing.

Quantum Computers Beyond the QPU

Although there is ongoing competition among different qubit technologies, keeping QPUs in the spotlight, quantum computers are more than just QPUs; they are intricate systems requiring a convergence of advanced technologies and interdisciplinary collaboration. Several critical components are necessary for building functional quantum computers:

  • Cryogenics (Advanced Cooling Systems): Qubits often require extremely low temperatures to maintain their quantum states without decoherence. Superconducting qubits, for example, operate at millikelvin temperatures—close to absolute zero (-273.15°C)—achieved through sophisticated cryogenic systems. The near-absolute zero minimizes vibrations and thermal excitations that cause decoherence, in other words, qubits loss quantum information.
  • Noise and Temperature-Controlled Environments: Quantum systems are highly sensitive to external disturbances such as electromagnetic noise and thermal fluctuations. Shielding and isolating quantum computers from environmental noise is crucial to preserve qubit coherence and ensure reliable operation.
  • Qubit Control Mechanisms: Precise manipulation of qubits is essential for quantum computation. This involves complex control hardware and software to generate and deliver microwave pulses, laser beams, or magnetic fields, depending on the qubit technology used.
  • Quantum-Classical Hybrid Computing Infrastructure: Quantum computers need to interface with classical components, like GPUs, CPUs, memory, for tasks such as circuit optimization, parallelization, error correction, initialization, and qubit state readout.?
  • Quantum and Hybrid Interconnections: Quantum networking and high-speed, low-latency connections between quantum and classical systems are necessary for efficient operation and scalability.

Quantum Computing Technology Landscape

Superconducting Qubits:

  • Cryogenics Required: Yes
  • Temperature Requirements: Operate at temperatures close to absolute zero, typically below 20 millikelvin, achieved using dilution refrigerators.
  • Controlled Environment: Extremely controlled environments with specialized facilities, dilution refrigerators, and vibration isolation are necessary. Require shielding from electromagnetic interference and vibrations to maintain qubit coherence and minimize decoherence.
  • Companies: Rigetti Computing, Google, IBM, IQM, OQC

Photonic Qubits:

  • Cryogenics Required: Generally, no
  • Temperature Requirements: Often operate at room temperature, but may benefit from cooling.
  • Controlled Environment: Less stringent compared to other technologies. While precise control over optical components is necessary, extreme cryogenic cooling is not required.
  • Companies: PsiQuantum, Xanadu, ORCA Computing, Quantum Computing Inc,?

Neutral Atom Qubits:

  • Cryogenics Required: Yes, but less extreme than superconducting qubits.
  • Temperature Requirements: Atoms are cooled to microkelvin temperatures using laser cooling techniques.
  • Controlled Environment: Highly controlled with ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Require ultrahigh vacuum chambers to isolate atoms from environmental interactions.
  • Companies: PASQAL, Atom Computing, QuEra

Trapped Ion Qubits:

  • Cryogenics Required: Yes, but moderate compared to superconducting qubits.
  • Temperature Requirements: Ions are cooled close to their motional ground state using laser cooling, reaching millikelvin temperatures.
  • Controlled Environment: Highly controlled with ultrahigh vacuum. Extremely sensitive to electric and magnetic field fluctuations; require precise control to maintain coherence.
  • Companies: Quantinuum, IonQ, Alpine Quantum Technologies, eleQtron

Quantum Dot Qubits:

  • Cryogenics Required: Yes
  • Temperature Requirements: Operate at millikelvin temperatures using dilution refrigerators to maintain qubit coherence.
  • Controlled Environment: Extremely controlled environments are necessary. Sensitive to electrical noise and thermal fluctuations; require shielding and isolation.
  • Companies: Diraq, Siquance, Quantum Motion

Other Approaches:

Electrons on Helium, NV Diamond, Topological Qubits:

  • Cryogenics and Environmental Control: Vary depending on the specific technology.


Embracing quantum computing is a significant undertaking, even for nation-states. Creating a functional quantum computer—and an ecosystem of supporting technologies—is a complex and high-cost endeavor that extends beyond the QPU or even the quantum computer itself. It requires new, complex infrastructure that integrates hardware, software, and environmental controls, all working in harmony. Additionally, the development of quantum technologies necessitates advancements in materials science, precision engineering, and low-temperature physics.

As technology evolves, ongoing research into cryogenics, qubit designs that operate at higher temperatures, and improved hybrid computing frameworks will shape the future of quantum computing. Building a comprehensive ecosystem that integrates hardware, software, infrastructure, and talent is critical for realizing the potential of quantum technologies.

A solutions ecosystem supported by technical partnerships is essential for the advancement of quantum computing. Collaboration across academia, industry, and government accelerates innovation and addresses the multifaceted challenges inherent in this field. The development of quantum cloud services offers a scalable and accessible pathway for organizations and researchers to engage with quantum computing, while enterprise deployments provide customization and control for specific applications.




NEWS COVERAGE        


QUANTUM COMPUTING


Quantum Computing Will Have Its "ChatGPT Moment" in the Next 18 Months

Tech.eu

Summary Quantum computing is on the brink of becoming mainstream, with Oxford Ionics developing a mass-producible quantum chip. This advancement could lead to the first widely usable quantum computers within a few years, signifying a major breakthrough in the field. The "ChatGPT moment" for quantum computing is expected within the next 18 months, suggesting a transformative phase in technology.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Short-term


Germany Backs Australian Startup Quantum Brilliance to Build a Mobile Quantum Computer

Startup Daily |

Summary Germany supports Quantum Brilliance, an Australian startup, in developing a mobile quantum computer in collaboration with Austrian firm ParityQC. This project aims to create quantum computing capabilities that are operable in various environmental settings, pushing the boundaries of where and how quantum computing can be utilized. The development marks a significant step towards practical and accessible quantum computing technologies.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term


The Pervasiveness of Machine Learning in Quantum Technology

Quantum Computing Report |

Summary Quantum computers are leveraging machine learning algorithms to simulate and process quantum data, offering new ways to optimize and enhance quantum algorithm performance. The integration of machine learning with quantum computing is expanding the capabilities of quantum systems, making them more effective and versatile. This synergy could revolutionize industries by improving decision-making processes and data analysis.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term


What is Quantum Computing? Explained by The Times

The Times |

Summary The Times provides a straightforward explanation of quantum computing, contrasting it with classical computing to highlight its revolutionary approach to data processing. Quantum computers are capable of evaluating multiple possibilities simultaneously, offering a radical improvement over the sequential methods of classical computers. This capability makes quantum computing a powerful tool for complex problem-solving.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term



Quantinuum Successfully Teleports a Logical Qubit

IEEE Spectrum |

Summary Quantinuum's latest breakthrough in quantum teleportation demonstrates the ability to instantly transmit qubit data over long distances. This advancement is pivotal for the practical deployment of quantum computers and could revolutionize communications technology. The technology underlines potential new ways to overcome current limitations in data transmission and encryption.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term



HYBRID QUANTUM


Equal1 Signs Quantum Supercomputer Deal with Nvidia

eeNews Europe |


Summary Equal1, an Irish quantum computer developer, has partnered with Nvidia to integrate quantum and classical computing systems. This collaboration aims to develop hybrid supercomputing capabilities that leverage both quantum and classical technologies. The deal reflects the growing interest and investment in creating more powerful and versatile computing solutions.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term



QUANTUM AI


Quantinuum Unveils First Contribution Toward Responsible AI

The Quantum Insider |

Summary Quantinuum introduces the first scalable Quantum Natural Language Processing (QNLP) model, QDisCoCirc, marking a major step in integrating quantum computing with AI. This innovation facilitates responsible AI development by leveraging quantum processors for complex data processing tasks. The advancement suggests significant improvements in AI capabilities and efficiency, leading to more powerful and nuanced technology solutions.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term


Ephos Wants to Shatter the Market for AI and Quantum Chips with a New Design Based on Glass

TechCrunch |

Summary: Ephos is set to revolutionize the quantum and AI chip market with its innovative glass-based design. The startup's new approach promises to enhance the performance and scalability of quantum devices, challenging conventional semiconductor technologies and potentially transforming the industry landscape.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid




QUANTUM APPLICATIONS


Autonomous Drone Fleets Optimized through Quantum and Classical Computing

The Quantum Insider |

Summary The Quantum Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (QMDRL) framework utilizes quantum computing to optimize the operations of autonomous drone fleets. This integration enhances decision-making and operational efficiency, presenting a significant leap in managing complex systems. The development not only showcases quantum computing's potential in real-world applications but also sets a new standard for technology in logistics and surveillance.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term


How Quantum Computing is Already Changing Manufacturing

Engineering.com |

Summary Quantum computing is revolutionizing the manufacturing sector by introducing hybrid quantum optimization algorithms that enhance efficiency and problem-solving capabilities. These technologies are being applied to streamline production processes and reduce operational costs, demonstrating quantum computing's immediate utility and transformative potential in industrial settings. The ongoing integration of quantum methods in manufacturing indicates a significant shift towards more advanced, efficient, and competitive production techniques.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Short-term


Meet The Quantum Challengers – Teams Drive Quantum Toward The Future of Safe Autonomous Transportation

The Quantum Insider |

Summary The Quantum Challengers initiative is propelling quantum technology towards enhancing autonomous transportation safety. Teams are working to integrate quantum computing solutions to improve vehicle autonomy and navigation systems, focusing on safety and efficiency. This effort underscores the critical role of advanced computing in developing the next generation of transportation technologies.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term



POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY


Google Confirms New Quantum Encryption For Chrome Is Coming Nov. 6

Forbes |

Summary Google is set to enhance Chrome's security with new quantum encryption technologies starting November 6. This development aims to fortify browser traffic at the transport layer security level against emerging quantum threats. By adopting post-quantum cryptography, Google is taking proactive steps to safeguard user data against potential future cyber threats enabled by quantum computing advancements.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Short-term


CISA Guidance Focuses on Post-Quantum Cryptography Tools

Nextgov/FCW |

Summary CISA is urging federal network operators to adopt automated cryptography discovery and inventory tools to better prepare for the transition to post-quantum cryptography. This guidance is crucial for enhancing the cybersecurity framework and ensuring federal networks are secure against advanced quantum threats. The proactive measures recommended by CISA are essential for national security in the face of evolving technological risks.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Short-term




QUANTUM CYBERSECURITY


HSBC Deploys Cybersecurity Tech to Secure Digital Gold

Cyber Magazine |

Summary: HSBC has partnered with Quantinuum to implement quantum-safe security measures to protect its tokenized gold assets. This collaboration highlights the bank's proactive approach to mitigating quantum threats, setting a new standard in fintech cybersecurity. The integration of quantum technologies is crucial as the sector anticipates quantum computing advancements that could compromise traditional encryption methods.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Short


Cloudflare Named Winner of the 2024 DigiCert Quantum Readiness Award

Markets Insider - Business Insider |

Summary: Cloudflare's achievements in quantum computing readiness have earned it the 2024 DigiCert Quantum Readiness Award. Recognized for its efforts to prepare its security infrastructure against quantum threats, Cloudflare continues to invest in technologies that ensure data protection even against future quantum attacks. This award reflects Cloudflare’s leadership in enhancing cybersecurity measures to stay ahead of potential quantum vulnerabilities.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid


MIT's Quantum Locks Tighten Security on Cloud AI

SciTechDaily |

Summary: MIT researchers have developed a new quantum-based security protocol to enhance privacy in cloud-based deep learning systems. This quantum protocol improves the protection of data by utilizing quantum mechanics, which could potentially thwart threats from quantum and traditional computing. The innovation paves the way for safer cloud AI operations, establishing a robust defense against evolving cybersecurity challenges.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid



QUANTUM NATIONS


Creating Local Ingredients for Quantum Success

InnovationAus |

Summary: This article discusses the critical role of developing a supportive local ecosystem for quantum technology advancement. It emphasizes the importance of nurturing local talent, fostering partnerships, and building a robust infrastructure to accelerate quantum innovation. The collaborative efforts are aimed at reducing reliance on international resources, thereby boosting domestic capabilities in quantum technologies.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long


Prime Minister Urges U.S. Tech Giants to Partner With India on Quantum Computing and AI

The Quantum Insider |

Summary: India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi has called on U.S. technology leaders to collaborate with India in the fields of quantum computing and artificial intelligence. This initiative aims to leverage India’s growing tech capabilities and foster international partnerships that can advance these cutting-edge technologies. The collaboration seeks to position India as a significant player in the global quantum and AI markets.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long


EU Launches €65m Scheme to Boost Quantum Semiconductor Research

Capacity Media |

Summary: The European Commission has initiated a €65 million funding program to support research and development in quantum semiconductors. This scheme is part of a broader effort to advance Europe’s competitiveness in the quantum technology sector and ensure its independence in critical technologies. The investment will facilitate innovations that are expected to drive new advancements in various applications across industries.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid



QUANTUM CAREERS & OPPORTUNITIES


Careers in Quantum Machine Learning: Top 5 Jobs

Analytics Insight |

Summary: This article explores the top five career opportunities in the field of quantum machine learning, highlighting the rapid growth and demand for professionals skilled in this interdisciplinary area. Quantum machine learning combines principles of quantum computing with machine learning algorithms, offering unique solutions to complex computational problems and promising a transformative impact on various sectors.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Short


Quantum Computing Playbook: A Guide to Tapping Quantum's Trillion Dollar Economic Potential

The Quantum Insider |

Summary: The Quantum Computing Playbook offers an extensive overview of how quantum computing is set to influence global economics, projecting an impact exceeding $1 trillion by 2035. The guide details strategic approaches for industries to harness quantum technologies for competitive advantage, emphasizing the vast economic potential across finance, healthcare, and more.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long



QUANTUM DEFENSE


Germany to Launch World's 1st Mobile Quantum Computer for Defense

Interesting Engineering |

Summary: Germany's cybersecurity agency, Agentur Cyberagentur, has funded the development of the world's first mobile quantum computer, focusing on defense applications. This initiative involves collaboration with companies like Quantum Brilliance and Oxford Ionics, aiming to provide deployable, secure quantum computing solutions for field operations. The project is a significant step towards utilizing quantum technologies for national security purposes.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid




QUANTUM STARTUPS AND THE MARKET


QuiX Quantum Launches Bia?, a Quantum Cloud Computing Service to Accelerate Access

Quantum Computing Report |

Summary: QuiX Quantum has introduced Bia, a new quantum cloud computing service designed to provide immediate access to quantum computing capabilities for businesses and research institutions. This service aims to establish a hybrid quantum-classical computing environment, enhancing computational power and accelerating quantum application development across industries.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Short


Glass-Based Photonic Chip Startup Ephos Secures $8.5M to Innovate Quantum Computing

The Quantum Insider |

Summary: Ephos, a startup specializing in glass-based photonic chips, has raised $8.5 million to build the world’s first quantum photonic circuits manufacturing facility in Milan. This funding will help drive innovation in quantum computing and AI, potentially leading to more efficient and scalable quantum devices.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid




QUANTUM SCIENCE


Physicists Unlock New Protocol for Energy Teleportation and Storage Using Quantum Computers

The Quantum Insider |

Summary: Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new protocol for energy teleportation and storage using quantum computers. This breakthrough could lead to significant advancements in how energy is transferred and stored at the quantum level, offering potential applications in various energy-intensive industries.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long


Researchers at KIT Achieve Breakthrough in Diamond-Based Quantum Computing

Helmholtz Blogs |


Summary: A team at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) has made significant progress in diamond-based quantum computing, enhancing the potential for more stable and efficient quantum processors. This development paves the way for more robust quantum computing solutions that could outperform current silicon-based systems.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid


Quantum Entanglement at the Highest Energy Yet Observed at CERN

MSN |

Summary: Researchers at CERN have observed quantum entanglement at the highest energy levels ever recorded, significantly expanding our understanding of quantum mechanics. This observation could have profound implications for the study of fundamental particles and forces, potentially leading to new discoveries in particle physics.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long


Alien Phone Calls Could Be Quantum, And We're Not Ready to Hear Them

Science Alert |

Summary: This article speculates on the possibility that interstellar communication from alien civilizations might already be happening through quantum methods that current technology cannot detect or interpret. The notion expands the concept of interstellar communication and suggests that advancements in quantum communication technologies could one day unlock these messages.

Sentiment: Neutral | Time to Impact: Long


Physicists Reveal a Quantum Geometry That Exists Outside of Space and Time

Quanta Magazine |

Summary: Physicists have discovered a new type of quantum geometry that operates independently of traditional concepts of space and time. This groundbreaking research provides insights into how quantum particles interact in unconventional ways, potentially leading to a deeper understanding of the quantum world and its applications to various scientific fields.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long



ANNOUNCEMENTS


IonQ Announces Largest 2024 U.S. Quantum Contract Award of $54.5M with United States

Yahoo Finance |

Summary: IonQ has secured a substantial contract worth $54.5 million with the U.S. government, marking the largest quantum computing contract in the U.S. for 2024. This deal underscores IonQ's leadership in the quantum computing industry and highlights the growing governmental interest in leveraging quantum technologies for national security and other critical applications.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Short


BlueQubit and Xanadu Partner to Advance Quantum Computing Simulations

The Quantum Insider |

Summary: BlueQubit and Xanadu have formed a partnership to enhance quantum computing simulations, focusing on applications in drug development and cybersecurity. This collaboration aims to utilize both companies' technologies to push the boundaries of quantum simulation capabilities, potentially accelerating the discovery and development of new solutions in critical fields.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid



EVENTS


Quantum Innovation Summit 2025: Advancing Quantum Breakthroughs with the Endorsement of UAE Ministry of Industry and Advanced Technology

Greatreporter |


UK Quantum Hackathon 2024 Taps UK Talent to Reveal Quantum Computing's Potential

The Quantum Insider |


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