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**Understanding the Rare and Fatal Brain-Eating Amoeba Infection - Kerala Epidsode by Dr NMN ** A recent report has brought attention to the devastating impact of a rare and often fatal infection caused by a brain-eating amoeba, scientifically known as *Naegleria fowleri*. Understanding this infection is crucial, as it underscores the importance of awareness and preventive measures, especially during the summer months when cases are more likely to occur. **What is *Naegleria fowleri*?** *Naegleria fowleri* is a single-celled amoeba found in warm freshwater environments such as lakes, rivers, and hot springs. It thrives in temperatures between 25-40°C (77-104°F) and can multiply rapidly in these conditions. **How does infection occur?** The amoeba enters the human body through the nose, typically when people are swimming or diving in contaminated water. It then travels to the brain, causing a severe and often fatal infection called primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). **Symptoms and Diagnosis** Symptoms of PAM usually appear within one to nine days after exposure and can include headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, and seizures. These early signs are similar to bacterial meningitis, making diagnosis challenging. Advanced symptoms can include hallucinations, altered mental status, and coma. **Treatment and Prognosis** The prognosis for PAM is extremely poor, with a fatality rate exceeding 97%. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical but challenging. The standard treatment involves a combination of antifungal and antibiotic medications, along with supportive care. Recently, experimental drugs like miltefosine have shown promise in treating the infection, but successful outcomes remain rare. **Prevention Tips** While infections are extremely rare, here are some preventive measures to minimize risk: 1. Avoid swimming in warm freshwater during high temperatures. 2. Use nose clips or hold your nose shut when in warm freshwater bodies. 3. Avoid stirring up sediment in shallow, warm freshwater areas. **Conclusion** Awareness and precaution are our best defenses against *Naegleria fowleri*. By understanding the risks and taking simple preventive measures, we can help protect ourselves and our loved ones from this rare but deadly infection. Stay informed, stay safe, and enjoy your summer activities responsibly. #HealthSafety #NaegleriaFowleri #BrainEatingAmoeba #PublicHealth #SummerSafety Dr NMN

A potentially deadly bacterial infection called?streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, or STSS. -Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome is a rare complication of Staphylococcus aureus infection in which bacterial toxins act as superantigens, activating very large numbers of T cells and generating an overwhelming immune-mediated cytokine avalanche that manifests clinically as fever, rash, shock, and rapidly progressive multiple organ failure, often in young, previously healthy patients. The syndrome can occur with any site of S. aureus infection, and so clinicians of all medical specialties should have a firm grasp of the presentation and management. *The 'flesh-eating bacteria' can lead to rapid tissue destruction and organ *failure The bacteria spreads through respiratory droplets, direct contact, and improperly handled food Basic hygiene and immediate medical attention are crucial for prevention and treatment In Japan, cases of flesh-eating bacteria have reached a record high. -The outbreak of Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS), also called the "flesh-eating bacteria", has affected almost 1,000 people from the beginning of the year to June 2, according to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases. -The disease has a mortality rate of 30% and can become fatal within 48 hours of infection.

Emerging Trends and Seasonality of Human Metapneumovirus Infections in the Northern Hemisphere: A Comprehensive Overview Infections Presentation Intense respiratory contaminations (ARIs) are a huge reason for dismalness and mortality around the world, with different infections adding to the weight of sickness. Among these, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has arisen as a significant microorganism, especially in the Northern Side of the equator, where it assumes a basic part in the occasional flood of respiratory sicknesses. Distinguished in 2001, hMPV is an individual from the Paramyxoviridae family, firmly connected with respiratory syncytial infection (RSV), and principally influences small kids, the older, and immunocompromised people. This article expects to give an outline of the rising patterns of hMPV diseases in the Northern Side of the equator, with an emphasis on its irregularity, epidemiological examples, co-contaminations, and suggestions for medical services frameworks. The study of disease transmission of human metapneumovirus Human metapneumovirus diseases are normally occasional, with episodes happening in the colder months of the year, essentially from pre-winter through late winter. This example is like other respiratory infections like flu and RSV, which additionally top throughout the cold weather months. Be that as it may, hMPV is frequently underrecognized and underreported, prompting a hole in information concerning its full effect on general well-being. Epidemiological examinations have shown that hMPV contaminations will more often than not cause gentle to direct respiratory sickness in sound grown-ups, however, they can prompt serious confusion, for example, bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in weak populaces like babies, the older, and those with constant respiratory illnesses. On the Northern Side of the equator, the pinnacle of hMPV contamination action fluctuates somewhat by locale, yet for the most part pursues an occasional direction that lines up with chilly climate. The infection is communicated through respiratory beads, making it profoundly infectious in close-contact settings like schools, nursing homes, and medical clinics. Its commonness has been seen to vacillate from one year to another, with certain seasons seeing a greater weight of sickness than others. Irregularity of hMPV Contaminations The occasional idea of hMPV contamination is to a great extent impacted by natural variables, like temperature, mugginess, and air quality. Cool, dry air can work with the transmission of respiratory infections by permitting the infection to stay reasonable for longer periods in the climate. Besides, throughout the cold weather months, individuals will generally invest more energy inside, improving the probability of one individual-to-another transmission. https://lnkd.in/dJF_EqWZ

???? “Here’s why Sore throats are being discussed with the Flesh-eating Infection” ?? (What I’ve learned from 2024 Japan Outbreak.) What the Outbreak??? ?? It's of the Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome, briefed as STSS all over the news. This is a rare deadly fresh eating bacterial infection caused by the same bacteria that normally causes sore throats i.e. the Group A Streptococcus (GAS) bacteria. How deadly does it get, you might ask? _ ?? ??This infection can be fatal within 48 hours and boasts a 20-30% mortality rate. So, even with treatment, 3 out of every 10 infected people, normally die from it. And What makes it this Life-threatening? ?? Well in brief, these bacteria produce toxins/poisons that cause progressive destruction of body tissues “flesh-eating phenomena”. On addition, they also cause low blood pressure which reduces blood supply to the critical body organs and this the state of Shock in the body. Available Treatment options? Not many_?? ??Mainly Antibiotics, like for most Bacterial infections. In case of necrosis(flesh-eating), Surgical intervention to remove the infected tissue, is mandatory to prevent further spread to healthy tissues. The infected need urgent medical care since it can be lethal within ust 48hrs. Symptoms of this STSS ?? ?? ??First symptoms of STSS often include: ???????????Fever and chills ???????????Muscle aches ???????????Nausea and vomiting ??After the first symptoms start, it usually only takes about 24 to 48 hours for low blood pressure to develop. Once this happens, STSS quickly gets much more serious: ???????????Hypotension (low blood pressure) ???????????Organ failure (other signs that organs are not working) ???????????Tachycardia (faster normal heart rate) Which People are at risk and Why? ?? ?? ??Just like sore throats, this bacteria’s infections are normally clearead by our immune system. So, that’s why?Individuals with weakened immune systems are Highly at risk. These include; -???????The Elderly and People with chronic illnesses such as diabetes, chronic heart, lung diseases, liver or kidney diseases. -???????People with recent viral infections?are also equally at risk because, viruses can weaken the immune system as well. -???????Also, Individuals with skin injuries?like Cuts, wounds, surgical incisions, or other skin injuries that can serve as entry points for the bacteria. Finally, how you can protect your thyself. ?? 1.????? Maintaining good hygiene; regular hand washing with soap/sanitisations. 2.?????Avoiding close contact and material sharing with the infected people. 3.?????Proper wound care; keep them clean and covered with sterile bandages. 4.?????Seek urgent medical attention upon developing the symptoms 5.?????Maintaining a healthy immune system through proper nutrition, regular exercise, and adequate sleep. Comment below, any other health concern that caught your attention so far this year. Stay Informed and Safe. #microbiology #Publichealth #STSS #Bacteria

Infection Prevention for High-Risk Patients: Patients with chronic illnesses face unique risks in healthcare settings and infection prevention plays a crucial role in protecting them. These conditions not only weaken the immune system but also create opportunities for infections that can lead to severe complications. Here’s how Infection Prevention and Control teams can address these challenges: Diabetes: High blood sugar weakens immunity and delays wound healing, making surgical sites and catheter points highly vulnerable to infections. Vigilant care of IV access points, surgical wounds, and glucose management is critical for these patients. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Dialysis patients face frequent vascular access, increasing the risk of bloodstream infections. Poor immunity and electrolyte imbalances further complicate their recovery. Strict aseptic techniques and regular port site monitoring are essential to reduce these risks. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): COPD patients are highly susceptible to respiratory infections. Early detection of symptoms, strict isolation protocols and rapid intervention can prevent complications and ensure better outcomes. Autoimmune Disorders: Patients with autoimmune conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis often rely on immunosuppressive medications, leaving them vulnerable to even minor infections. Close monitoring and tailored IPC strategies are necessary to address their unique risks. Cancer and Chemotherapy: Cancer treatments suppress white blood cell production, leaving patients defenseless against infections. Infection prevention must focus on aseptic care, proper device handling and patient education on hygiene and symptom recognition to minimize risks. Infection prevention is about more than just following protocols—it’s about protecting lives. By understanding each patient’s unique needs, we can reduce risks, prevent complications and help them recover safely. #InfectionPrevention #IHHN #IndusHospital #IHNNInitiative #HealthcareInnovation #WHO #HealthAndSafety #BetterHealthOutcomes

New option for respiratory tract infection diagnosis. ---Rapid identification of Group A Streptococcus and other pathogens in 15 minutes With the change of seasons and the arrival of high-incidence periods of viral infections, accurate diagnosis of respiratory diseases has become particularly important. In particular, Children, the elderly and other people with low immunity are more susceptible to virus attacks. In response to this demand, #Bioteke launched the #respiratory 8-in-1 rapid antigen test kit, realizing a excellent technology application for rapid, accurate, and multi-pathogen detection. Why choose Bioteke 8-in-1 rapid test kit? 1. Wide detection coverage This kit can simultaneously detect 8 common respiratory pathogens, including the much-concerned #GroupAStreptococcus, Flu A, #Flu B, #RSV, #Adenovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, etc., significantly improving diagnostic efficiency and helping clinicians quickly diagnose the cause of the disease. . 2. Fast detection and simple operation It only takes 15 minutes & only 3 steps to obtain accurate test results, greatly saving users waiting time. It is easy to operate and suitable for various scenarios, including hospitals, clinics and primary medical institutions, etc. #POCT sites. Or take-home self-test . 3. Accurate detection The kit uses #immunochromatography and double-antibody sandwich method to ensure the sensitivity and specificity of the test results. The extended test window displays the results in different colors for easier interpretation. 4. Quality certification, global trust The kits have passed #CE certification. They are of reliable quality and trustworthy. Solutions, not just detection Bioteke is committed to providing convenient and efficient #diagnostic solutions to medical institutions & labs around the world. Our 8-in-1 rapid test kit is not only a product, but also a commitment to responsible health, making every test more valuable. Contact us to start cooperation Whether you are a hospital, clinic, or distributor, Bioteke will be your trusted partner. Click to learn more about the 8-in-1 rapid test kit to add precision and efficiency to your medical services! Baiteke - innovates for health and adds protection to life. #respiratoryinfection #strepa #rapidantigentest

Elevators are very high risk for respiratory infections. Can the infection risk in elevators be negligible? A comparative study of airborne infection probability in elevators and conference rooms "People in crowded and poorly ventilated elevators are at risk of respiratory infection. However, due to the short duration of the elevator ride, the transmission of respiratory diseases in elevators does not get enough attention. To evaluate the infection risk, this study investigated the airborne transmission of respiratory diseases in the hospital elevator by comparison to the conference room. A validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was adopted to simulate airflow, temperature and tracer gas dispersion in the elevator and conference room. We used Wells-Riley model to evaluate the infection probability of the susceptible persons. In addition, the influences of source patient posture and ventilation strategy on the transmission of tracer gas were analyzed. The results showed that the infection probability in the elevator with 5 min (average 2.70%) was higher than that in the conference room with 50 min (average 1.77%). The effects of source patient posture and ventilation strategy on the infection probability in the elevator were more significant than those in the conference room. Local air circulation could gather the tracer gas inside a confined space in the elevator and led to a high infection probability. The infection risk of respiratory diseases in the elevator was non-negligible."?https://lnkd.in/e6myUhP9??

Human metapneumovirus can affect all age groups and normally causes mild-to-moderate respiratory illness but sometimes the infection can be severe in young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. In the EU/EEA, hMPV is most active during late winter and spring, often circulating alongside other respiratory viruses. There is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment available for hMPV. Human?metapneumovirus?is spread from person to person via respiratory droplets. The incubation period of HMPV ranges between 3 to 5 days and varies between individuals. After inoculation within the nasopharyngeal mucosa, the virus can rapidly spread into the respiratory tract. - Common symptoms of?upper respiratory tract infection?include cough, rhinorrhea, congestion, and sore throat. - Lower respiratory tract infection?symptoms include wheezing, fever, cough, dyspnea, hypoxia. More often, lower respiratory tract infections in children cause bronchiolitis, acute asthma exacerbations, croup, and pneumonia. This may necessitate hospital admission, depending on the severity of symptoms. - In adults, HMPV can cause pneumonia, acute asthma exacerbations, and acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. - Gastrointestinal symptoms?such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting have also been noted. Abnormal tympanic membrane suggestive of acute otitis media can also occur. These symptoms can be quite severe in adults with comorbidities, age greater than 65 years old, and immunocompromised patients, including those with HIV, cancer, immunomodulatory therapy, and transplant recipients. Most commonly, confirmation of infection by HMPV is done by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from nasopharyngeal swabs. The primary mainstays of treatment are supportive measures. Anti-pyretic medications such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen are given for those patients with fever. If the patient appears dehydrated and cannot tolerate oral hydration, intravenous fluid hydration is indicated. Additionally, patients with HMPV may require supplemental oxygen support such as high flow nasal cannula or even mechanical ventilation in severe cases causing acute respiratory failure, especially in those patients who have pre-existing respiratory or cardiac illness as well as those who are immunocompromised. https://lnkd.in/gebnssJj

Point on sepsis diagnosis

A surge in whooping cough Cases up by more than 40% in New Jersey and other states Health officials are raising alarms as cases of whooping cough have surged by more than 40% in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York over the past year. This highly contagious respiratory infection – also known as pertussis – can cause severe coughing fits, and left untreated, can result in severe illness or even death, particularly in babies, older adults and those with weak immune systems. There has also been a significant increase nationwide. Officials are also seeing a rise in whooping cough in Camden County. In response, Virtua Health, South Jersey’s largest health system, is playing a role in containing the outbreak. “When we detect a pertussis infection, we treat the patient and evaluate any Virtua staff members who have had significant exposure,” explained Dr. Martin Topiel, Chief Infection Officer at Virtua. “We also coordinate with county health departments regarding any pertussis cases we identify, so the health departments can follow up with the patients, their families and others they’ve come in close contact with.” Whooping cough is typically treated with antibiotics, and preventive treatment is recommended for those who have been significantly exposed to it. Babies and young children are particularly vulnerable; they typically have the highest incidence of the disease if they are not vaccinated as newborns. Topiel strongly advises that residents ensure they are up to date on vaccinations, including pertussis. “In addition, it’s important to follow routine hygiene measures, such as washing hands, covering coughs and sneezes and staying home when you’re sick,” he added. Virtua has been coordinating with local health departments to monitor and control the whooping cough spread. That includes sharing information about patients to help health departments trace contacts and manage the disease more effectively. As Camden County continues to address the public health challenge, the combined efforts of health-care providers, local authorities and residents will be crucial in managing and eventually reducing the impact of whooping cough in the region, according to Topiel. “In New Jersey, we’ve seen a 40% increase in pertussis cases as of late July compared to the same period last year,” he pointed out. “This trend is even more pronounced in Pennsylvania and New York. Nationally, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that pertussis cases have tripled, marking a return to pre-pandemic levels.” The CDC reports that the U.S. is approaching the annual pertussis case count seen in 2019, typically more than 10,000 cases. But Topiel noted that during COVID, health measures such as masking and remote learning likely contributed to a temporary decline in cases. But with those measures no longer widespread, pertussis is making a strong comeback. Source to read more: https://lnkd.in/dev2eZ8H