Daniel Pascal的动态

Direct Return Piping Systems https://lnkd.in/dA7tpD5D Closed-loop systems can be further classified as direct return or reverse return. The direct return system allows piping to be run in the most direct path to optimize piping costs. The reverse return system is piped so that the length of the water circuit through the supply and return piping to each fan coil or air handler is essentially the same.

Strainer in cooling line. #WBITM A pressure gauge is also required as a component of the engine side of a diesel driver heat exchanger, to verify cooling water flow and that the water pressure is within the specifications of the driver heat exchanger. Engine heat exchanger ratings typically range from 30 psi to 60 psi (2.1 bar to 4.1 bar). Thus cooling water, which comes off of the pump discharge main piping typically at over 125 psi (8.6 bar), could quickly cause permanent damage to the exchanger if not properly regulated or if the regulator fails. Older fire pumps typically only have one regulator installed on the main line. Thus, during emergency operation where cooling water flows only through the bypass line, pressure regulation must be done manually with the bypass line quarter turn valves and by monitoring the pressure gauge.

#Heat_Exchanger #Steam #Valves #Vacuum_breaker Installing a vacuum breaker valve on shell side of HEX with steam in the shell side: Vacuum breakers should always be used on steam-to-water heat exchangers. They prevent condensate from being held up in the shell, which can lead to water hammer and tube damage. Steam-to-water convertors, or heat exchangers, heat the water in the tubes by condensing steam in the shell. When steam is present in the shell, the steam trap is closed. When the temperature control valve closes, the heat exchanger shell becomes a closed vessel filled with steam. When the steam condenses in this closed chamber, it creates a vacuum. This happens because the volume of steam is dramatically greater than the volume of condensate. If you completely filled the inside of a minivan with 5 PSIG steam and then condensed the steam to water, the water would fit in a 2 gallon pail. That's an immense volume change! Normally, the condensate flows through the steam trap to a gravity return (0 PSIG). If a vacuum occurs in the shell, water can't flow from the lower pressure (vacuum) to higher pressure (0 PSIG), so the condensate remains in the heat exchanger. When the steam control valve opens, the steam tries to pass through the condensate, and this causes a "hammer." The water hammer in the shell will cause damage to the tube bundle. The image below shows damage to a tube caused by water hammer.

??expansion joints?? ??Expansion Joints and Flexible Connectors on both the suction and discharge sides of the pump shall be used on all piping connected to rotating equipment to reduce noise and vibration transmission, and to eliminate stresses in piping systems due to misalignment and thermal movement of piping.

Expansion/ Flexible joints are very important to reduce the vibration and noise around rotating equipment. However, we should choose their material and pressure rating very wisely during purchasing phase especially if it would be subjected to direct sunlight in hot regions and made of rubber as usually there would be some cracks between the rubber material and the metal flange on both ends.

If your industrial piping system is experiencing water hammer or reverse flow, your pipelines could rupture and incur significant maintenance costs. Discover how the right wafer check valves can improve safety and prolong the service life of your system: https://hubs.la/Q02n4Hl30

The Bradford White Brute floor mount condensing gas boiler is a great option if replacing a boiler. it sits on the floor, piping comes ?out the top, does not use a 3 way valve(common failure), , does not use a plate type heat exchanger on combi models, ?has a built in primary secondary loop to save lots of time on installation. ?Bradfordwhite.com

Check Valve Pressure Drop I have recently encountered some incorrect calculations of the pressure drop across the dual disc check valves commonly used on blower discharge piping to prevent backflow. The pressure drop consists of two components. One is the friction loss caused by the valve's obstruction in the airstream. This can be calculated from the Cv and flow rate like friction loss for a butterfly or ball valve. Often neglected is the cracking pressure. This is the pressure needed to move the discs from their seat and hold them in the open position. The cracking pressure varies with the installed orientation (vertical vs. horizontal piping) and the stiffness of the spring used to assist in closing the valve. Typical cracking pressures range from 0.2 psi to 1.0 psi. The total pressure drop across the valve will be the friction loss plus the cracking pressure. As always, the manufacturer’s assistance should be obtained for specific installations. #blowers #checkvalves #aeration #wastewater

Internal pressure compensators are mainly used to absorb thermal expansion and cold contraction in thermal pipelines to ensure the stability of piping systems.

Once a vacuum system is in place and the piping is sized accordingly, it’s nearly impossible to replace it with an effective or efficient gravity return system.?Don’t believe us??Study your piping friction loss charts for specifics on return rates in relation to pipe size.?More specifically, if you make such a switch from a vacuum system to a gravity system, you will have major piping changes in the return piping, and you WILL have to run the boiler at a much higher operating pressure which costs more money in higher energy costs.