?? Understanding the Electrical Activity of the Heart in Animals ??
The animal heart, much like the human heart, operates with a sophisticated electrical system that ensures synchronized contractions to pump blood efficiently. Here’s a brief overview:
Sinoatrial (SA) Node: This natural pacemaker generates electrical impulses that initiate each heartbeat. It is located in the right atrial wall at the point where the venae cavae enters the right atrium.
Atrioventricular (AV) Node: These impulses travel to the AV node, which slows the signal, allowing the atria to contract and empty blood into the ventricles.
Bundle of His:
The Bundle of His is a collection of heart muscle cells and first part of AV bundle specialized for electrical conduction. Located in the septum between the atria and ventricles, it plays a crucial role in transmitting the electrical impulses from the atrioventricular (AV) node to the ventricles. This pathway ensures that the electrical signal is carried swiftly and efficiently, coordinating the timing of ventricular contraction. Any disruptions or blockages in the Bundle of His can lead to serious cardiac arrhythmias.
Purkinje Fibers:
Purkinje fibers are a network of specialized fibers that extend from the Bundle of His throughout the ventricles. These fibers are responsible for rapidly conducting the electrical impulses to all parts of the ventricular myocardium, ensuring that the ventricles contract in a coordinated and powerful manner. This synchronized contraction is essential for effective blood pumping.
Below is a flowchart giving an overview of how action potential travels inside heart:
SA Node
↓
Atria
↓
AV Node
↓
Bundle of His
↓
Bundle Branches
↓
Purkinje Fibers
↓
Ventricles
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