Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA)的动态

In May 2024, the Center for the Study of Democracy published a report, "Kremlin Pitstop," which found the following: In 2023, #Turkey became the largest buyer of #Russian #oil #products in the world and imported 18% of total Russian exports of oil products. In fact, Turkey is one of the largest re-export hubs for Russian fuels to the EU. From the start of the EU/G7 ban on 5 February 2023 until the end of February 2024. Turkey has imported €17.6 billion of Russian petroleum products that have generated €5.4 billion in tax revenue for the Kremlin's military coffers, extending and enabling Moscow's full-scale invasion of #Ukraine. (Read the full report. Click here: https://lnkd.in/dKEBWxj7 ) In September 2024, the report "Sanctions Hypocrisy" followed, revealing new facts and circumstances related to sanctions evasion: This report shows that in the first half (H1) of 2024, #G7+ countries imported 1.8 billion euros worth of petroleum products derived from #Russian crude oil from three refineries in #Turkey. For example, the #Azerbaijan-owned STAR refinery is 98% dependent on Russian crude oil, with 73% of its crude oil imports coming from the US-sanctioned #Lukoil. 87% of its seaborne exports of petroleum products go to G7+ countries. The total volumes of crude oil processed by Turkish refineries to export petroleum products to the #EU and #G7 countries will generate €750 million in tax revenues for the Kremlin in the first half of 2024 alone.? (Read the full report. Click here: https://lnkd.in/ddT_iU_c ) In October 2024, we released our latest report "Tapping the Loophole", which showed that the #Czech Republic has spent five times more on #Russian oil and gas than it has on aid to #Ukraine. The Czech Republic has spent more than €7 billion on Russian oil and gas - more than five times the €1.29 billion it has provided in aid to Ukraine. Czech oil imports have generated more than €2.3 billion in tax revenue for the #Kremlin since the invasion began. By 2023, the Czech Republic's dependence on Russian crude oil will have risen to 60 percent, despite the government's intention to phase it out. The Czech Republic's sole crude oil refiner, the Polish company Orlen Unipetrol, used the exemption from the EU ban on Russian oil imports to buy large quantities of Russian crude oil at a discount, which was on average 21% cheaper than #Azeri crude oil in 2023. This #strategy contributed to excess #profits of around €1.2 billion. However, during periods of heavy reliance on Russian crude, the savings from cheaper Russian oil were not reflected in lower consumer gasoline prices in the Czech Republic. (Read the full report. Click here: https://lnkd.in/dFTkSxPH ) The work of the #CSD clearly shows why we need a common European sanctions mechanism. Otherwise, free-riding and transactional diplomacy will continue to eat away at European unity.

All this has a price. It's cheaper to do it with oil than with LNG as oil does not vaporize constantly but it's still no fun. This only makes exports more expensive for Russian exporters leaving less on the plate for them. It might even potentially wipe out profits for Russian oil exporters altogether. The true cost stack of any oil from any non-transparent export country is essentially impossible to know. I sometimes even think they themselves don't know as there are so many hands taking out their due and they can't be interested to have anyone seeing how they do it. So it will be hidden in the cost of business. We won't be able to prevent China from buying Russian oil but we can make it uneconomical for Russians. https://lnkd.in/dBhJA-Vd

Turkey has taken full advantage of its role as an East-West bridge by ramping up imports of Russian oil, especially oil products, since the start of the Russia-Ukraine war. According to Energy Intelligence estimates, shipments of Russian products to Turkey — mostly diesel and fuel oil — have more than doubled since February 2022, to well over 200,0000 barrels per day. There are no restrictions on Russian trade with Turkey, as EU oil sanctions only apply to member state countries, provided no shipping or services linked to G7 member states are involved. But there are concerns in Brussels that some recycled Russian products are finding a "backdoor route" from Turkey into Europe, undermining the sanctions effort. Learn more >> https://bit.ly/49SjnCS #Turkey #Russia #oil #oilproducts #oilmarkets #sanctions #geopolitics #geopoliticalrisk

How world shipping has transformed in the two years since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine Saturday marks two years since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, a war that has dramatically changed the global seaborne map, some argue irrevocably. Over the past 729 days, Russia has switched its shipments east, using all manner of subterfuge to keep oil and gas revenues high. Hitherto unheard of classification societies and flag states have leapt to prominence, greasing Moscow’s export channels, as erstwhile service providers have had to adhere to an increasing throng of sanctions. The war in Ukraine has brought about a substantial transformation in trade routes, particularly in essential commodities such as coal and grain. These alterations have led to a significant uptick in tonne-mile demand, resulting in a notable reconfiguration of global shipping patterns Looking at the tanker trades, prior to the invasion, Russia was a major exporter of crude oil and petroleum products to Europe, accounting for 2.6m barrels per day of crude oil and 1.3m barrels per days of products. However, these volumes have plummeted in the wake of the conflict. Nevertheless, a considerable portion of these cargoes have found alternative destinations further afield, particularly crude oil re-routed to Asia. Conversely, Europe has been compelled to seek alternative sources to replace the lost Russian volumes. The LNG trade map has also been transformed since Russia invaded Ukraine. Following the cessation of Russian gas imports into Europe due to the invasion, the demand for energy led to an increase in US LNG imports into Europe, displacing Asian LNG imports. #export #freight #vessel

ICYMI: Chinese refiners' Iranian #oil imports are expected to decrease due to stricter #sanctions and tensions in the Middle East. However, major disruptions appear unlikely, according to sources in China's energy sector. L’article Chinese Refiners Brace for Lower Iranian Oil Volumes, but Major Disruptions Unlikely est apparu en premier sur energynews.

KSE: Russian oil tracker (ROT) – revenues down despite higher volumes #bne #bneEditorsPicks #Ukraine #Russia #RussiaUkraineWar #sanctions #OOTT #budget In May 2024, Russian oil export revenues dropped to $16.8bn, despite higher export volumes, according to the KSE Institute’s June ‘Russian Oil Tracker.’ Increased export volumes and the active use of the shadow fleet did not compensate for the lower oil prices. Russian seaborne oil exports increased by 4%, driven by a 17% MoMw rise in oil products exports after refineries have been restored from Ukrainian drone attacks in January-April. Only 12% of crude and 62% of oil products were shipped with IG P&I insurance. In May 2024, IG-insured tankers shipped no crude from Pacific Ocean ports for the first time.

????????5.1 billion dollars?— record volume of?oil products supplies from Russia to?Brazil The supplies of?Russian oil products to?Brazil for the first 9 months of?this year increased 1.6 times in?monetary and physical terms, reaching $5.1 billion and 7.2 million tons, respectively. The main item of?Russian exports was diesel fuel, the volume of?supplies of?which reached 4.4 billion dollars. The top five countries in?terms of?petroleum product supplies to?Brazil in?January-September 2024: ????5 100 million dollars?— Russia ????2 800 million dollars?— USA ???? 542 million dollars?— Spain ???? 497 million dollars?— Netherlands ???? 459 million dollars?— Kuwait According to?experts, Russia is?winning in?the oil market despite sanctions! ??If you are interested in?our company’s services, please contact us?by?mail: [email protected] Subscribe to?our Telegram channel: https://lnkd.in/eiGCKB6q ?? #Cargotransportation #Logistics #Economy #Trade #autotransportation #Russia #business

Chinese refiners' Iranian #oil imports are expected to decrease due to stricter #sanctions and tensions in the Middle East. However, major disruptions appear unlikely, according to sources in China's energy sector. L’article Chinese Refiners Brace for Lower Iranian Oil Volumes, but Major Disruptions Unlikely est apparu en premier sur energynews.

Latest from me: French imports of Russian LNG rose 110% in the first half of this year. France’s Finance Ministry blames the Suez attacks. But imports from the US, Angola, Cameroon, Egypt & Nigeria - which weren’t affected - fell by almost the same amount. Gas use by French homes and businesses actually fell 9% over the period. But pipeline exports from to Belgium and Germany were up almost 10%. “What that tells you is people are making money off this trade,” said one analyst. Russian LNG is thought to sell for a small discount. Europe-wide, imports of Russian LNG were up 7% over the period, this analysis finds. Ukrainian activists warn every shipment of gas from the Arctic Circle funds missiles and bombs raining down on their cities. https://lnkd.in/eq24ZmNU

Want to understand how Russian crude exports were impacted by G7 price cap? Check out how Greek operated tankers were mainly responsible for creating virtual pipeline for Russian crude and how other tanker operators from UAE, Russia, China, Hong Kong have come in the mix in last 12 months. Shipping industry and Trade flows have been at the center of geopolitics storm! #CAS #tradeflow #oil