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?? For our third post on our November Enzyme of the Month tryptophan synthase, we will explore recent research and innovations done on the enzyme enabled by advances in biotechnology and AI. ?? Work from Caltech in the late 2010s on tryptophan synthase led to the evolution of the enzyme to synthesize non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) as well as the founding of the company Aralez Bio. These ncAAs not only expand the repertoire of amino acids available for biochemical and pharmaceutical applications but also pave the way for novel protein engineering and therapeutic discoveries. This is possible because ncAAs expand the building blocks nature uses for proteins beyond the 20 canonical amino acids. ?? Study of tryptophan synthase has also helped us wind back the clock on understanding life on Earth. Ancestral reconstruction of this enzyme across life indicates that the ancient tryptophan synthase had all 19 other amino acids besides tryptophan, suggesting it was the 20th and final amino acid synthesized by our ancient ancestors billions of years ago. Even though less common than other amino acids, tryptophan is critical for structural diversity of proteins and was probably a huge advantage for the ancient life that used it. Whether pushing forward proteins and therapeutics of the future or enabling the complexity of life billions of years ago, tryptophan synthase has stayed busy. Stay tuned next week for the final post on our November Enzyme of the Month. ??? #enzymes #tryptophansynthase #LUCA #biocatalysis

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