History of Windows Server - Server教程

- [Instructor] If you are new to Microsoft Windows server operating systems, and you're looking to understand Windows Server 2022, it may be helpful to understand a little bit of the history behind the predecessors to help you understand how we got here. Now, if you're not new to Windows server, well, I'll tell you what, this might be fun for you to go ahead and reminisce through the history. If you've been around for a while, like I have, this was actually kind of fun for me when I put this together. So let's jump into our little time machine and go all the way back to the early 1990s. All right, and this is where Microsoft had this idea to come up with this server operating system called, and it had the name NT which stood for new technology. And no one ever actually said that out loud, really, but that's what NT always stood for. Right from the beginning, the very, very first server operating system that we had was Windows NT 3.1. This was released back in July of 1993. It only had a single server version. It was just simply called Advanced Server. And many people didn't consider this to be a true operating system. It was more of an operating environment, 'cause it ran on top of another operating system called DOS. Okay, without DOS, you didn't have anything. All right. So we didn't get very far with Windows NT 3.1, because it was just 16-bit, which is what DOS was. And again, it was very slow, because it was kind of an operating environment. So let's move along to the next version which is Windows NT 3.5. You'll notice it wasn't much later, right? It was in September of 1994, just a little over a year later. It, again, only had one version which was just simply called Windows NT Server. And this was the first time that they had created a true 32-bit operating system. So it ran on its own. But it was still quite flawed. So very quickly we moved into Windows NT 3.51, and this was in June of 1995. So again, not even a year later. And again, it was just one version, just simply called Windows NT Server. And this is what many people actually think is the very first version of Windows server that ever existed. And you ask many people, and they will jump straight, and you say, "what was the first version?" And they'll say, "Windows NT 3.51." That technically is wrong, but for all practical purposes, is actually correct. This was the first somewhat stable and reliable version of Windows NT Server. Now moving along from there, we had Windows NT 4.0, which was in July of 1996. So again, you see how quickly we were moving through this, this was only a year later. And this- So a couple of things I'm going to say about Windows NT 4. First of all, this was the first time we kind of branched out a little bit, and we had three server versions. There was Windows NT Server, there was Enterprise Server, and then there was a Terminal Server Edition. Okay. So we're getting a little fancy with it here, doing different features, different versions. Another thing I want to tell you about Windows NT, 4.0 is just a little history that includes my history. When I got my education in Windows server, it all started on Windows NT 4.0, all right? So that's how far back I go into this. I did use Windows NT 3.51. I managed Windows NT 3.51. But I learned on Windows NT 4.0. All right. So this was the initial new technology, those four versions. But from there, we jumped into a whole new family of Windows server, and we had the introduction of something called Active Directory, and we did this in Windows 2000 which was released in February of 2000. So you see, Windows NT 4.0, it actually lasted for quite a while, relative to its predecessors, went four more years before anything came out. There were what was called a series of service packs that were installed on Windows NT 4.0, but the next truly new version was Windows 2000. And this, again, had three server versions. We had Windows Server, Advanced Server and then Datacenter Server. But the main thing that was huge about Windows 2000 was the introduction of Active Directory. Okay. So those were the new directory services. It's just revolutionized everything about Windows server. And then we have, well, we're going to see the beginning of what was called Microsoft's Long-Term Servicing Channel. And this was really, really, this is kind of what we had all along, but they came up with this name, and this was first introduced with Windows Server 2003. This was released in April of 2003. Again, it had three versions, Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition, Datacenter Edition. And there were also three additional versions even beyond that, right? The three main ones were there, but we did have other smaller versions, and they were very specific. If I go off of memory, I believe they were Small Business Server. There was a Web Server. And I think the third was a Storage Server. And this was also the first time that we saw something else happen, which was instead of jumping to a new name, the next version of server that came out after Windows Server 2003 was Windows Server 2003 R2. Okay, which is, you know, release version two, basically. Okay. We did still have our service packs to go ahead and update the operating system itself, but the next fully new version was R2. And this was in December of 2005, had the same three primary server versions. And now, we had five customized, very specific additional versions. So we were really starting to get fancy with everything we could do with Windows server by the time we were up to Windows Server 2003 R2. Moving along from there. Next, we had Windows Server 2008 which came out in February of 2008, had the same three primary, Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter. But we now had seven additional customized server versions. And after 2008, of course, we had R2, which was in October of 2009. And the only big change we see here was that we had nine additional server versions. So you see what's happening here. As we went through time, we were really branching out on all the different things that the servers could do. And then we jump into a whole new look, all right? Meaning everything from Windows 2000 through Windows Server 2008 R2 was pretty much kind of the same look. We got a whole new look jumping into Windows Server 2012, and this was released in September of 2012. Now look at something that's kind of interesting that's happening here. We actually have seemingly gone backwards. We only have two primary server versions, Standard and Datacenter. And we only had three additional customized, you know, very unique server versions, all right? And that's because there was a decision made that it made a lot more sense to just have a product and then maybe have features within that product. Now, after 2012, you could probably guess we jumped into Server 2012 R2, which was done in October of 2013. The same two primary server versions. And we only had two additional server versions that were included. We jumped into Windows Server 2016, which was in October of 2016. And look at what happened here. Now we're down to our two main primary servers versions, Standard and Datacenter, and only one specific additional server version. Okay. I mean, we're really narrowing everything down here. And I will tell you that I believe that one additional version was called Windows Server Essentials which was a replacement for what was previously called Small Business Server. All right. So we pretty much had just Standard, Datacenter. And if you were a small business, you had that one additional version. Then we move along to Windows Server 2019. Haha, fooled ya. Bet you thought I was going to go to Windows Server 2016 R2. But no, really Windows Server 2019. There was no R2 of 2016, all right? 2019, that was released in October of 2018. And it was pretty much the same thing as Windows Server 2016, in the sense that we had the two primary server versions and one additional server version. And that brings us all the way up to where we are today with Windows Server 2022. It was released in August of 2021. And again, just like with Windows Server 2016 and 19, it has the two primary server versions, Standard and Datacenter, with only one additional server version. And believe it or not, it's no longer Essentials. It's no longer Small Business. It's actually an Azure version. They've now actually created the Essentials or the Small Business, it's now actually still exists, but it's just the Standard Edition with slightly different licensing. So that is how we got to where we are today with Windows Server 2022. And now you understand the history through all those years, going all the way back to 1993 where we started with Windows NT 3.1.