Starting out with a fresh slate, it was tremendously easier for Google with its internal network to readily move in an SDN direction. Now, as we point out in the article, the idea of using open-source controllers is problematic, given the greater complexity of its network and service requirements. Google is gradually getting closer to a situation, such as at Verizon, in which the latter viewed SDN very pragmatically from the beginning. https://lnkd.in/ehB3RfA