If you are an aspiring franchisee thinking about investing in a franchise, first consider your investment options.
Let's say you have a day job and $100,000 to invest. If you keep your day job and put this money into an index fund you have a reasonable chance to double your money in 10 years based on historical performance of the stock market.
If you instead quit your day job and use the $100,000 to buy a single unit (low-cost) franchise you might eventually build this into a five-figure income that may or may not support your lifestyle. Let's say after 10 years you decide to sell your single-unit franchise that is earning you $60,000 per year. You may find a buyer willing to pay 2 to 3 times this value, or $120,000 to $180,000. You'll have some transaction costs, so let's say your sale nets you $100,000 to $150,000. So for the privilege of grinding it out for 10 years while barely making a living wage you end up with a return that likely nets you less than if you had just kept your day job and put your money in an index fund. And, considering your business may not survive, you took on considerably more risk for that privilege.
The only way to make real money in franchising is to scale. You should always start with one unit, but if you don't have access to capital that will allow you to scale to multiple units in the future then you really need to think hard about whether franchising is the best investment option for you.