Wade Stables P.C.

When selling business assets, understanding the tax implications is crucial. One area to focus on is Section 1231 of the tax code, which governs the treatment of gains and losses. Sec. 1231 assets generally include 1) business real property (including land) that’s held for more than one year, 2) other depreciable business property that’s held for more than one year, 3) intangible assets that are amortizable and held for more than one year, and 4) certain livestock, timber, coal, domestic iron ore and unharvested crops. Gains and losses from selling Sec. 1231 assets receive favorable federal income tax treatment. We can help you plan the timing of gains and losses for optimal tax results.

As college costs continue to rise, you may be concerned about how to save and pay for it. Tax-favored strategies may be available. For example, you can contribute to a 529 plan set up to meet a child’s or grandchild’s education expenses. Contributions aren’t deductible but earnings accumulate tax-free. Contributions are taxable gifts to the child and are eligible for the $19,000 gift tax exclusion in 2025. By taking advantage of a five-year gift tax election, a grandparent can contribute up to $95,000 ($19,000 × 5) per beneficiary this year, free of gift tax. Distributions of earnings that aren’t used for qualified expenses are subject to income tax plus a 10% penalty. Other rules apply.

The optional standard mileage rate used to calculate the tax-deductible cost of operating a business vehicle increased in 2025. The IRS announced that the cents-per-mile rate for the business use of a car, van, pickup or panel truck is 70 cents. In 2024, the rate was 67 cents per mile. The standard rate is useful if you don’t want to track actual vehicle-related expenses. But you still must record certain information, such as the mileage, date and destination for each trip. The standard mileage rate is adjusted annually and calculated based on driving costs, including the price of gas. According to AAA, the national average price of a gallon of regular gas on Jan. 17 was $3.11.

If your employer offers a 401(k) plan, contributing to it is a smart way to build a nice nest egg. Consider increasing the amount in 2025 if you’re not already contributing the maximum allowed. With a 401(k), an employee elects to have a certain amount of pay deferred and contributed to a plan by an employer on his or her behalf. The 2025 contribution limit is $23,500. Employees age 50 or older by year end are also generally permitted to make additional catch-up contributions of $7,500. However, under a law change that becomes effective in 2025, 401(k) plan participants of certain ages can save more. The catch-up contribution amount for those who are age 60, 61, 62 or 63 in 2025 is $11,250.

If you own a small business with no employees (other than your spouse) and want to set up a retirement plan, consider a solo 401(k) plan. This is also an option for self-employed individuals or business owners who wish to upgrade from a SIMPLE IRA or SEP plan. For 2024, you can make an elective deferral contribution of up to $23,000 of your net self-employment (SE) income ($30,500 if you’ll be 50 or older as of Dec. 31, 2024). On top of the elective amount, an extra contribution of up to 20% of your net SE income is allowed for solo 401(k)s. For 2024, the combined elective and extra contributions can’t exceed $69,000 ($76,500 for 50 or older) or 100% of net SE income. Questions? Contact us.

The Social Security Administration has announced that the wage base for computing Social Security tax will rise to $176,100 in 2025. This is up from $168,600 in 2024. (Believe it or not, it was just $3,000 from 1937–1950!) Wages and self-employment income above this amount aren’t subject to Social Security tax. The Federal Insurance Contributions Act imposes two taxes on employers, employees and self-employed workers. One is Social Security and the other is Medicare. A maximum amount of compensation is subject to the Social Security tax, but there’s no maximum for Medicare tax. For 2024 and 2025, the FICA tax rate for employers is 7.65% (6.2% for Social Security and 1.45% for Medicare).

Does your business own real estate titled under the business’s name? With long-term tax, liability and estate planning advantages, separating real estate ownership from the business may be a better choice. For example, C corporations treat real estate like other business assets. Expenses related to owning the assets are generally tax deductible in the year incurred. However, when the business sells real estate, the profits are taxed twice, at the corporate level and at the owner’s individual level when a distribution is made. But if the real estate ownership is transferred to a pass-through entity instead, the sale profit will be taxed only at the individual level. Contact us to learn more.

As year end approaches, you may be thinking about tax strategies. One way to reduce potential estate taxes and show generosity to loved ones is to give cash gifts before Dec. 31. Taxpayers can transfer large amounts using the annual exclusion. In 2024, the exclusion amount is $18,000. It covers gifts you make to each recipient. That means if you have three children, you can transfer $54,000 to them in 2024, free of federal gift taxes. Married couples can consent to give each recipient up to $36,000 a year. Other rules may apply, and you need to file a gift tax return if you give more than $18,000 or consent to give gifts with your spouse. We can prepare a gift tax return for you.

Let’s say you have a sideline activity that you consider a business. Perhaps you offer photography services or sell handmade items online. Will the IRS agree that your venture is a business, not a hobby? It’s an essential question for tax purposes. If the expenses from an activity exceed the revenues, you have a net loss. You can’t necessarily deduct that loss on your federal income tax return. The IRS often claims that money-losing sidelines are hobbies rather than businesses, and the tax rules for hobbies aren’t favorable. However, we may be able to help you prove your money-losing activity is really a for-profit business that hasn’t paid off yet. That way, you can deduct the losses.

We are hiring!! If you know an accountant who wants to be a part of an outstanding team, please send them our way. Currently looking for a tax accountant or two as well as a senior auditor. We offer great benefits, flexible schedules and great coworkers!