CMS Signals a Potential Shift in Risk Adjustment—Using MA Encounter Data
When CMS released the 2026 Advance Notice on January 10, one detail that has flown under the radar is a brief yet significant mention on page 56 under the heading:
"Risk Adjustment Model Development Using MA Encounter Data."
Yes, you read that right—CMS is considering using Encounter Data Processing System (EDPS) data as the foundation for Medicare Advantage (MA) risk adjustment. And they’re signaling that this change could be implemented as early as CY 2027. That means by the time the 2027 Advance Notice is released next year, we could see the first draft of this new risk adjustment model.
Why This Is a Big Deal
Historically, CMS has based MA risk adjustment (RA) models on Fee-for-Service (FFS) data, simply because, when risk adjustment first began, there wasn’t enough MA-specific data to build a reliable model. The previous Risk Adjustment Processing System (RAPS) data lacked the necessary depth to support a financial model.
Using MA encounter data to build an MA-specific risk adjustment model makes logical sense. It would likely enhance accuracy, eliminating the need for the MA coding pattern adjustment—a long-standing concern for many in the industry.
However, there’s one major gap: cost data.
The Missing Piece: Where Will Cost Data Come From?
While EDPS captures utilization data, it does not include the cost of services—a critical factor in any risk adjustment model. This raises the question:
How will CMS determine cost weights without FFS data?
Right now, the only clear answer would be to continue using FFS data for costs while leveraging EDPS for utilization patterns. This hybrid approach would improve the model’s ability to reflect MA-specific care utilization, rather than relying on FFS-derived assumptions.
By shifting toward MA-based utilization, CMS could introduce:
? More plan-specific adjustments (e.g., differences between PPOs and HMOs)
? Regional refinements (e.g., adjusting for geographic variations in care patterns)
? Closer alignment with value-based care (VBC), potentially integrating quality measures and utilization data directly into risk adjustment
Could MA Financial Data Be Incorporated?
CMS already collects financial data from MA plans via bids and Medical Loss Ratio (MLR) reports. However, this data is highly aggregated and lacks the granularity needed to establish precise condition-based cost estimates for a risk adjustment model.
One potential future step? CMS could require MA plans to submit financial data alongside EDPS data, incorporating:
- Allowed amounts
- Paid amounts
- Patient cost-sharing data
If CMS were to implement such a requirement, it could enable a fully MA-specific risk adjustment model—one that is more accurate and better tailored to actual MA spending patterns. However, there is no indication yet that this is in the works.
#riskadjustment #medicareadvantage
1/2