Dataleap (YC S24)

Here are some of the most interesting facts and numbers from the "World Energy Outlook 2024" report by International Energy Agency (IEA): - Electric Vehicles (EVs): EV sales more than tripled between 2018 and 2023, with China accounting for over half of the increase. By 2030, nearly every other car sold globally is projected to be electric in the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS),. - Renewables: Wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) grew by 16% year-on-year in 2023, with over half of that expansion occurring in China. Solar manufacturing capacity is around 1,100 GW per year, potentially allowing for deployment almost three times higher than in 2023,. - Energy Demand: Global energy demand growth is slowing due to efficiency gains, electrification, and rapid buildout of renewables. Clean energy is expected to meet virtually all growth in energy demand between 2023 and 2035 in the STEPS. - LNG Supply: A wave of new LNG projects is set to add almost 50% to available export capacity by 2030, potentially creating a surplus in global gas markets,. - Regional Insights: The report covers regions accounting for 90% of global GDP, population, and energy demand. For example, car ownership in the European Union is twice as high as in Eurasia, but Eurasia has twice the per capita CO2 emissions of the European Union,. - Electricity Demand: Electricity demand is growing much faster than overall energy demand, driven by cooling, electric mobility, and data centers. Renewables are leading the expansion in electricity generation. - CO2 Emissions: The United States had CO2 emissions of 4.6 gigatonnes (Gt) in 2023, while China had 12.6 Gt. Per capita emissions were highest in the United States at 13 tonnes per capita. - Energy Access: Despite progress, the share of clean energy investment in emerging market and developing economies outside of China remains at 15% of the total. An additional 550 million people are expected to gain access to clean cooking and nearly 200 million to electricity by 2030 in the STEPS. These highlights provide a snapshot of the key trends and projections in the global energy landscape as outlined in the report. Table source: International Energy Agency (IEA)

Here are some of the most interesting facts and figures from International Energy Agency (IEA) latest report "State of Energy Policy 2024": - Government Support for Clean Energy: Since 2020, governments have earmarked nearly USD 2 trillion in direct investment support for clean energy, with 80% of this funding concentrated in China, the European Union, and the United States. - Clean Energy Manufacturing: Investment in clean energy manufacturing facilities grew by more than 70% in 2023 alone, reaching USD 200 billion annually. Three-quarters of this growth was in China. - Renewable Energy Growth: Nearly 90% of the projected renewables growth between 2023 and 2028 is policy-driven. In China, 95% of capacity growth in the next five years is expected to be policy-driven, supported by fixed tariffs and premiums. - Energy Efficiency Spending: Earmarked government support for buildings' energy efficiency reached USD 60 billion in the past 12 months, with many programs originating from Covid-19 recovery plans. - Critical Minerals: Incentives for critical minerals have cumulated to about USD 20 billion since 2020, with USD 26 billion allocated in 2023 alone. This spending is concentrated on energy efficiency, nuclear fission and fusion, renewables, hydrogen, and fuel cells. - Energy Price Management: Government interventions to manage energy prices peaked in 2022, with total end-use expenditure on energy reaching a record high of USD 10 trillion. Short-term consumer support from governments totaled USD 940 billion, mainly in Europe. - Trade Policies: Since 2020, nearly 200 trade policies targeting clean energy technology have been implemented, compared to only 40 such initiatives in the preceding five years. - Energy Performance Regulations: Energy performance regulations now cover three-quarters of global energy-related emissions. Fifteen G20 countries have regulations covering key energy sectors. These highlights underscore the significant global efforts and investments being made to transition to clean energy and improve energy efficiency. Source: International Energy Agency (IEA)

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The report "The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal 2024" by "The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal" highlights several surprising facts: 1. Rapid Growth in Novel CDR: The market for novel carbon dioxide removal (CDR) methods saw a sevenfold increase in purchases during 2023, indicating a significant rise in interest and investment. 2. Projected Removal Capacity: By 2030, companies have announced plans to remove 118 million tons of CO2 annually through DACCS and BECCS projects, a substantial increase from current levels. 3. Long-term Ambitions: Company announcements for 2050 total 11 Gt of CO2 removed per year, driven by ambitious targets, including a single announcement of 8 Gt per year. 4. Innovation Trends: Despite a decline in inventive activity as proxied by international patent families, the raw number of patent filings has increased steadily, reflecting ongoing innovation in CDR methods. 5. Geographic and Methodological Diversity: Innovation in CDR is geographically diverse, with distinct profiles emerging in the US and Canada, China, and Europe, and spanning various methods such as BECCS, DACCS, and enhanced rock weathering. These facts underscore the dynamic and rapidly evolving landscape of carbon dioxide removal technologies and markets. Chart source: The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal

The latest report by Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action on the future of electricity highlights the shift towards renewable energy sources and increased flexibility in the electricity market. By 2030, Germany aims to have at least 80% of its electricity consumption covered by renewable energies, with a target of achieving greenhouse gas neutrality in the electricity sector by 2035 and complete neutrality by 2045. Key elements include: - Expansion of Renewables: Wind and photovoltaics (PV) will dominate electricity generation, supplemented by hydropower, bioenergy, and geothermal energy. In 2023, Germany installed a record 14.6 GW of PV and significantly increased wind energy capacity,. ?? - Flexibility and Storage: The system will rely on flexible loads, storage solutions, and controllable backup power plants to balance supply and demand, especially during periods of low wind and PV generation,. - Grid Modernization: Extensive grid expansion and digitalization are crucial to integrate decentralized renewable energy sources and manage the increased demand from electrification of transport, industry, and heating sectors,. - Economic Competitiveness: The transition aims to reduce electricity prices and system costs, enhancing Germany's industrial competitiveness while reducing dependency on fossil fuels,. Overall, Germany's electricity future is geared towards a sustainable, flexible, and economically competitive system driven by renewable energy. Chart source: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action

Some of the most interesting metrics from Climate Analytics latest report on Australia's fossil fuel carbon footprint: 1. Exported Emissions: In 2023, Australia exported 1.15 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions, including 430 million tonnes from metallurgical coal, 443 million tonnes from thermal coal, 231 million tonnes from LNG, and 48 million tonnes from oil. 2. Cumulative Emissions: From 1961 to 2023, Australia's fossil fuel exports have emitted 30 billion tonnes of CO2. By 2035, this is projected to increase to 45 billion tonnes. 3. Total Emissions Footprint: In 2023, Australia's total CO2 footprint, including domestic and exported emissions, was 1.5 billion tonnes. The cumulative total from 1961 to 2023 was 47 billion tonnes. 4. Government Subsidies: In 2023-24, the Australian government provided $14.5 billion in subsidies to the fossil fuel industry, with the Fuel Tax Credit Scheme contributing $9.6 billion. 5. Projected Impact on Global Carbon Budget: Australia's projected fossil fuel exports from 2024 to 2035 would consume around 7.5% of the remaining global carbon budget for limiting warming to 1.5°C. 6. Domestic Emissions: Australia's domestic GHG emissions in 2023, excluding LULUCF, totaled 527 MtCO2e, only 1.5% below 2005 levels. 7. Industrial Emissions: In 2023, over half of the emissions covered under the Safeguard Mechanism were related to fossil fuel extraction and processing: 31% from oil & gas and 23% from coal mining. These metrics provide a comprehensive overview of Australia's fossil fuel carbon footprint and its implications for global climate targets. Chart source: Climate Analytics

Here are some intriguing facts from the report "Turning Hydrogen Demand Into Reality: Which Sectors Come First?" published by the International Chamber of Shipping: - Current Hydrogen Demand: Hydrogen currently accounts for 1.8% of global final energy consumption, primarily used as feedstock in industries like oil refining, ammonia, methanol, and other chemicals. - CO2 Emissions: Current hydrogen production processes emit 900Mt of CO2 annually, almost equivalent to the entire shipping industry. - Future Demand Scenarios: Optimistic scenarios predict hydrogen consumption could reach 600Mt by 2050, which is roughly six times higher than current levels. - Electricity Demand for Green Hydrogen: Producing all 95Mt of hydrogen consumed in 2022 via electrolysis would require up to 5,700TWh of electricity, nearly 20% of the total global power production in 2022. - Sectoral Demand: Industrial demand, particularly in sectors like steel, cement, and chemicals, is expected to dominate hydrogen consumption, with transport sectors like aviation and maritime shipping also contributing significantly,. - Global Trade: Maritime trade in hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels is seen as a key enabler of a global hydrogen economy, potentially reducing total capital and operational expenses by 25% and generating global benefits of $460 billion per year by 2050. - Regional Importers and Exporters: Japan, South Korea, and Northwest Europe are likely to become net importers of hydrogen, while Australia, New Zealand, Chile, the Middle East, and North Africa are expected to be net exporters. - Infrastructure Challenges: The Clean Energy Marine Hubs (CEM-Hubs) initiative was launched to de-risk investments needed for producing and transporting low- and zero-emission fuels, involving multiple countries and international organizations. These facts highlight the significant role hydrogen is expected to play in future energy systems, the challenges associated with its production and distribution, and the potential economic benefits of a global hydrogen trade network. Attachment sources: International Energy Agency (IEA), Global Hydrogen Review

The Electricity Mid-Year Update 2024 by the International Energy Agency (IEA) highlights several key trends and statistics in global electricity demand, supply, and emissions: ?? Electricity Demand: ?- Global electricity consumption is expected to grow by 4% in both 2024 and 2025, the fastest pace since the post-COVID rebound. ?- China’s electricity demand is forecast to increase by 6.5% in 2024 and 6.2% in 2025, driven by industrial activities and the expansion of 5G networks and data centers. ?- India’s electricity consumption is projected to rise by 8% in 2024 and 6.8% in 2025, fueled by strong GDP growth and increased cooling demand due to heatwaves. ?- The United States is set to see a 3% increase in electricity demand in 2024, rebounding from a 1.6% decline in 2023. ? Electricity Supply: ?- Solar PV and wind power are expected to account for nearly 75% of the increase in global electricity generation by 2025, with solar PV alone meeting roughly half of the growth. ?- Global renewable energy generation is projected to surpass coal-fired electricity output by 2025, with renewables' share in global electricity supply rising from 30% in 2023 to 35% in 2025. ?- In the European Union, wind and solar PV generation is set to exceed fossil-fuel output in 2024, with renewables expected to reach 50% of total generation. ?- Hydropower output increased significantly in China (+21%) and the EU (+20%) in H1 2024, while other regions faced reductions due to droughts. ?? Emissions: ?- Global CO2 emissions from electricity generation are expected to plateau through 2025, with a slight increase in 2024 followed by a decrease of less than 1% in 2025. ?- The United States is forecast to see a rise in power sector CO2 emissions in 2024 before a decline in 2025, driven by a rebound in electricity demand and increased coal and natural gas generation. ?? Data Centers: ?- Data centers' electricity consumption accounted for about 1-1.3% of global electricity demand in 2022, with projections suggesting this could rise to 1.5-3% by 2026. ?? Heatwaves and Weather Impact: ?- Record heatwaves in 2024 have significantly strained power systems worldwide, with notable impacts in the United States, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Pakistan, Viet Nam, and Australia. ?- The 2023/24 El Ni?o period has been one of the strongest ever recorded, affecting hydropower generation and leading to increased fossil-fuel use in some regions. ↘ Negative Electricity Prices: ?- There has been a significant increase in the frequency of negative wholesale price events in 2024, indicating a need for greater system flexibility. These highlights underscore the dynamic changes in the global electricity landscape, driven by economic growth, technological advancements, and climate-related challenges. Graph source: International Energy Agency (IEA)

The EU Battery Regulation (2023/1542) outlines several key regulatory areas: 1. Carbon Footprint: ??- Requirements for the carbon footprint of electric vehicle batteries and rechargeable industrial and LMT batteries. 2. Material Recycling: ??- Collection rates: 45% for portable batteries by 2023, increasing to 73% by 2031. ??- Recycling efficiency: 65% by 2025, 70% by 2030. ??- Material recovery targets: 90% for Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and 50% for Li by 2027, increasing to 95% and 70% respectively by 2031. 3. Performance and Durability: ??- From August 2024, documentation on electrochemical performance and durability parameters is required for industrial, LMT, and electric vehicle batteries. 4. Labeling and Information: ??- From August 2025, batteries must be marked with a symbol for “separate collection” and specific labels by August 2026. ??- From February 2027, batteries must have a QR code providing type-specific information. 5. Re-use and Repurposing: ??- Requirements for the re-use or repurposing of batteries, including state-of-health evaluations and documentation of ownership transfer. 6. Battery Passport: ??- Articles 77 and 78 define a battery passport containing information on each individual battery. These regulations aim to enhance sustainability, safety, and transparency in the battery industry. Attachment source: RWTH Aachen University

European Court of Auditors latest report on the industrial policy on renewable hydrogen sheds light on many factors, but most importantly on the EU implemented measures to try and meets its 2030 climate goals: 1. Legislation and Targets: ??- The European Climate Law, adopted in 2021, sets a binding target to reduce net emissions by 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. ??- The Renewable Energy Directive (RED III) aims to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU’s overall energy consumption to 42.5% by 2030, with an additional 2.5% indicative top-up. 2. Hydrogen Strategy and REPowerEU Plan: ??- The EU Hydrogen Strategy (2020) and the REPowerEU plan (2022) set ambitious targets for renewable hydrogen production and import. ??- By 2030, the EU aims to install at least 40 GW of renewable hydrogen electrolysers and produce 10 million tonnes of renewable hydrogen domestically, with an additional 10 million tonnes to be imported. 3. Funding and Financial Support: ??- The EU has allocated €18.8 billion for hydrogen-related projects for the 2021-2027 period, primarily through the Recovery and Resilience Facility and the Innovation Fund. ??- The Innovation Fund and the European Hydrogen Bank support the production and import of renewable hydrogen. 4. Regulatory Frameworks: ??- The EU has adopted various regulations to support the hydrogen market, including the Renewable Energy Directive, ReFuelEU Aviation Regulation, and FuelEU Maritime Regulation. ??- The EU has also established a methodology for assessing greenhouse gas emissions savings from renewable hydrogen. 5. State Aid and Subsidies: ??- The EU has amended state aid rules to facilitate subsidies for hydrogen projects, including the Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEIs) and the Climate, Energy, and Environmental Aid Guidelines (CEEAG). 6. Coordination and Monitoring: ??- The Commission has set up the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance to promote investments and stimulate hydrogen production and use. ??- Recommendations include setting out an EU roadmap for the hydrogen value chain and monitoring progress through a scoreboard. These measures collectively aim to decarbonize various sectors, promote renewable hydrogen, and ensure the EU remains competitive while achieving its climate goals. Attachment source: European Court of Auditors