Congressional Budget Office

CBO analyzes the Department of Defense’s plans for 2025 to 2029 as presented in the 2025 Future Years Defense Program. Under those plans, CBO projects, defense costs would increase by 11 percent between 2029 and 2039.

Since 2003, CBO has projected the Department of Defense’s costs for the 10 to 15 years beyond those covered in the Future Years Defense Program’s five-year plan. In this report, CBO describes some of the methods it uses to make those projections.

Of the rotary-wing aircraft operated by the Army, the Department of the Navy (DoN), and the Air Force, the Army’s are the most numerous and have had the greatest availability rates. But DoN’s aircraft have flown the most hours per aircraft.

CBO analyzes how Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac achieve their housing goals by offering discounts on their standard fees for mortgages that meet the goals’ requirements and charging higher fees for mortgages that do not meet the requirements.

In fiscal year 2024, which ended on September 30, the federal budget deficit totaled $1.8 trillion—an increase of $138 billion (or 8 percent) from the shortfall recorded in the previous year.

CBO provides estimates of the budgetary effects of automatic stabilizers—as well as the size of federal budget deficits without them—back to 1974 and forward to 2034.

CBO estimates the budgetary effects of an illustrative policy that would authorize Medicare to cover anti-obesity medications. The policy would apply to all beneficiaries with obesity and some beneficiaries who are classified as overweight.

CBO?describes how it selects and uses discount rates to produce estimates for a wide range of federal activities that can have budgetary effects far into the future.

In response to a request from Congress,?CBO assesses whether the 2021 increase in the value of the Thrifty Food Plan, which increased Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits, had a positive or negative impact on labor force participation.?

CBO and JCT have estimated the effects on revenues and spending of many of the President’s budgetary proposals. This report builds on an earlier one that focused on the President’s proposals for discretionary spending.