It's back-to-school season, and we're going "Back to Basics"! We're kicking off a new series of brief, informative introductions to key concepts in firearm and toolmark examination. First up: Firing Pin Aperture Shear (FPAS) – a fundamental toolmark for forensic analysis. Stay tuned!
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In forensic firearm examination, Firing Pin Aperture Shear (FPAS) toolmarks are critical in determining whether two cartridge cases were fired from the same firearm. These marks, found on the primer surface, play a key role in firearm identification.
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When a firearm discharges, pressure forces primer material into the firing pin aperture. As the barrel (containing the chambered cartridge case) drops during the unlocking phase, the primer material is sheared along the aperture’s edge, creating microscopic striated toolmarks unique to the firearm.
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FPAS toolmarks carry significant weight in rendering source conclusions for fired cartridge cases because they are resistant to subclass characteristics due to the separate machining processes that form the edge of the firing pin aperture. No significant subclass correspondence has been widely documented between FPAS toolmarks from different firearms. Alongside other toolmarks, FPAS comparisons offer strong evidence in court and are often the first examined by forensic scientists, making them the “go-to toolmark.”
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Advances like Virtual Comparison Microscopy (VCM) allow for detailed side-by-side analysis of FPAS toolmarks through 3D renderings. Cadre Forensics / Cadre Research uses a proprietary gel-based scanning technology provides unbeatable visualization of ultra-fine striations, with FPAS-specific algorithms providing objective scoring for reliable, faster comparisons.
#vcm #forensics #forensicscience