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You're starting a new fiber optic project. How do you choose the right termination tools?

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Fiber optic cables are widely used in telecommunications, data transmission, and sensing applications, thanks to their high bandwidth, low attenuation, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, to ensure the optimal performance and reliability of your fiber optic network, you need to choose the right termination tools for your project. Termination tools are the devices and methods that connect the fiber ends to connectors, splices, or other devices. In this article, we will explain the main factors to consider when selecting termination tools, and the advantages and disadvantages of different types of tools.

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Venkatesh Vedagiri

Telecom Consultant
Umair Meer

Manager Transport Long-haul - PTCL
Richard Mulopa

Telecommunication Technologist

1 Fiber types

The first factor to consider is the type of fiber you are working with. There are two main types of fiber: single-mode and multimode. Single-mode fibers have a small core diameter and transmit light in only one mode, resulting in lower attenuation and higher bandwidth. Multimode fibers have a larger core diameter and transmit light in multiple modes, resulting in higher attenuation and lower bandwidth. The type of fiber affects the choice of termination tools, as different tools are designed for different fiber sizes, shapes, and tolerances.

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Venkatesh Vedagiri

Telecom Consultant
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Fibers can be classified into? 1) Single-mode fiber - made up of glass, core sizes are 8.3 μm and are used for long-distance transmission. 2) Multi-mode fiber - made up of glass, core sizes are 50–62.5 μm and are used for short-distance transmission.? 3) Plastic optical fiber - made up of plastic with a core size of around 0.5 to 1 millimeter. POF is typically used for very short distances, such as within devices or between devices in close proximity.

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Richard Mulopa

Telecommunication Technologist
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Really the key factor is where are you put the fiber? Building to building Rack to Rack Metro Longhaul So, to Start with Longhaul and metro will surely call for single mode while the short distances multimode is preferable though interchangeably the two will only yield results in utilising single mode on short distances.

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Peter Ogbonna (CTPM?)
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From my perspective other factors can be the infrastructure, equipment and environment. If you have a good number nodal points, this could determine your method and nature of termination.

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Shahood ul Hassan

Telecom Planner, Operation Engineer (GPON FTTH/FTTP OSP & ICT Networks)
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Unlike Copper Starting New Copper Project there is specific Tool to be use and there is few types of Connectors require, Old Jointing/Splicing Techniques and Machines require for termination, Not more Precise measurement required. But in Fiber Optic Termination there is more Consideration is require when Selecting Termination Tools for New Fiber Project. It Depends on factors such as Brand Reputation, Cost Effectiveness, Compatibility to the Fiber, Ease of Use Quality & Durability with Versatility; Most important point is Reliability for Efficient Termination. Selecting the right fiber optic tools and trained resource is essential for Successful Fiber Optic Installation.

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2 Connector types

The second factor to consider is the type of connector you are using. Connectors are the devices that join the fiber ends to other fibers, devices, or equipment. There are many types of connectors, such as SC, LC, ST, FC, and MTP/MPO. Each connector has different specifications, such as insertion loss, return loss, alignment, and durability. The type of connector affects the choice of termination tools, as different tools are compatible with different connector types, and may require different preparation, polishing, or testing procedures.

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Umair Meer

Manager Transport Long-haul - PTCL
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Optical transmission unit(s) and fiber(s) from optical fiber cable are connected by a string of fiber called a patch cord with a certain type of connector at its each end. An Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) is the connection point between Optical Fiber Cable (OFC) & Optical transmission unit (OTU) Cable is terminated on Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) by splicing it to a pigtail (string of fiber with connector at one end only) and connectivity is extended to an optical trans-receiver unit from ODF. The most common connector type used in Long-haul and metro optical transmission systems is LC and the connector type used on ODF is SC. So a LC-SC patch cord is used to establish connectivity between ODF and optical transmission units.

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3 Termination methods

The third factor to consider is the method of termination you are using. There are two main methods of termination: mechanical and fusion. Mechanical termination involves attaching a pre-polished connector to the fiber end using a mechanical splice, an adhesive, or a crimp. Mechanical termination is fast, easy, and low-cost, but may result in higher insertion loss, lower return loss, and lower reliability. Fusion termination involves splicing the fiber end to a factory-polished connector using an electric arc. Fusion termination is more accurate, consistent, and reliable, but requires more skill, time, and cost.

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Jiang Yi (River Yi)

19+years to FIBER OPTIC CABLE PRODUCT EXPERIENCE | FTTH-FIBER BROADBAND | ONE-STOP
(已编辑)
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Sure, only two methods in Fiber Optic Network industry: Fusion and Mechanical. Fusion, a dedicated machine called Fusion Splicer. Such as Fujikura, Sumitomo, FURUKAWA, INNO, Comway. Mechanical has three types. 1- the standard connector way, such as the SC, LC, FC and more. Let's look forward to connecting on the unconnected new technology in the future. 2- the field assembly way, such as Fiber Optic Fast Connector, Fiber Optic Mechanical splice. 3- the pre-terminated connector way. this concept was born from FTTA solution. The outdoor patchcord connected with BBU and RRU. There are many pre-terminated connectors in the market, such as the OptiTap connector of Corning, the Mini connector of Huawei, The Slim Connector of Furukawa.

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4 Termination tools

The fourth factor to consider is the type of termination tools you are using. There are many types of termination tools, such as cleavers, strippers, polishers, splicers, and testers. Each tool has a specific function and quality, such as cleave angle, strip force, polish finish, splice loss, and test accuracy. The type of termination tools affects the quality and efficiency of your termination process, as well as the safety and maintenance of your tools.

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Venkatesh Vedagiri

Telecom Consultant
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The most common are as follows: 1) Fiber Optic Stripper 2) Fiber Optic Cleaver 3) Fusion Splicer 4) Fiber Optic Crimping tool

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Dawar Khan

Project Manager | Co-Founder | Project Engineer | Telecom Engineer (FTTx) | Software Development & QA
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Some of the common tools that you will need for fiber optic termination are: - Fiber optic stripping tool - Fiber optic cleaver or cutting tool - Fiber optic connector - Fiber optic crimp tool - Fiber optic polishing tool

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5 Termination kits

The fifth factor to consider is the type of termination kit you are using. A termination kit is a set of termination tools that are packaged together for convenience and compatibility. A termination kit may include all the tools you need for a particular type of fiber, connector, or method, or may allow you to customize your tools according to your preferences. A termination kit may also include accessories, such as cleaning materials, fiber holders, and carrying cases. The type of termination kit affects the ease and cost-effectiveness of your termination project, as well as the storage and transportation of your tools.

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6 Termination best practices

The sixth factor to consider is the best practices of termination you are following. Termination is a critical and delicate process that requires attention to detail, skill, and care. To ensure optimal results, it's important to clean and inspect your fiber and connector ends before and after termination with the right cleaning tools and microscopes. Additionally, cleave your fiber properly with a high-quality cleaver and a suitable cleave length to avoid fiber damage and high splice loss. Furthermore, strip your fiber carefully with a precise stripper and a gentle force to prevent nicking or breaking the fiber. When polishing your connector end face, use a suitable polisher and a proper polish film for a smooth and defect-free surface. Splice your fiber and connector securely with a reliable splicer and a compatible splice sleeve for a low-loss and high-strength joint. Lastly, test your terminated fiber and connector with a calibrated tester and a standard reference to verify the insertion loss, return loss, and performance of your network.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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You're starting a new fiber optic project. How do you choose the right termination tools?

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1 Fiber types

2 Connector types

3 Termination methods

4 Termination tools

5 Termination kits

6 Termination best practices

7 Here’s what else to consider

Optical Engineering

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