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1 Types of structural analysis

Structural analysis can be divided into several categories based on the nature and complexity of the problem. Linear analysis assumes that the structure behaves proportionally to the applied loads, while nonlinear analysis takes into account large deformations, material nonlinearity, and geometric instability. Static analysis assumes that the loads are constant, while dynamic analysis accounts for time-varying loads, such as wind or earthquake. Determinate analysis can be solved by applying the equilibrium equations, while indeterminate analysis requires additional methods for finding unknowns. Finally, elastic analysis assumes that the structure returns to its original shape after removing the loads, while plastic analysis considers permanent deformation or failure due to excessive stresses.

2 Methods of structural analysis

Structural analysis can be performed using different methods, such as analytical or mathematical, numerical or computational, and experimental or empirical. Analytical methods use equations, formulas, and rules to derive solutions for simple structures, such as beam theory and truss analysis. Numerical methods use algorithms and software to approximate solutions for complex structures, like the finite element method. And experimental methods rely on physical models, tests, and measurements to validate or calibrate solutions for uncertain structures, such as wind tunnel testing or load testing. The method used depends on the type and size of the structure, the accuracy and efficiency required, and the available resources.

3 Tools for structural analysis

Structural analysis can be facilitated by utilizing various tools to assist with modeling, calculation, visualization, and verification of results. Common tools include software programs that implement numerical methods and provide graphical user interfaces for creating and manipulating structural models, applying loads and boundary conditions, performing calculations, and displaying results (e.g. SAP2000, ANSYS, or ABAQUS). Hardware tools are also available to support experimental methods and provide physical means for applying loads and measuring responses (e.g. load cells, strain gauges, accelerometers, or sensors). Additionally, code tools exist to provide guidelines and criteria for designing and evaluating structures according to safety and performance requirements (e.g. ASCE 7, ACI 318 or AISC 360).

4 Applications of structural analysis

Structural analysis is a key component for designing and assessing a variety of structures and projects in different domains and sectors. For example, it is essential for buildings of all shapes, sizes, and functions, such as residential or commercial buildings. Structural analysis helps to ensure the stability, strength, serviceability, and durability of the structural elements and systems. Similarly, it is crucial for bridges of various spans, types, and locations, such as highway or pedestrian bridges. Structural analysis helps to determine the effects of traffic loads, environmental loads, and seismic loads on the structural components and connections. Lastly, it is vital for dams of different heights, materials, and purposes, such as concrete or earth dams. It assists in analyzing the interaction between the dam, the foundation, and the reservoir to assess the impact of water pressure, temperature, and earthquake on the dam's stability and safety.

5 Here’s what else to consider

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