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What are the top 5 ways to secure your operating system from unauthorized access?

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Operating systems are the core software that run your devices and manage your resources, files, and applications. They also control the access and security of your data and network. However, operating systems are not immune to threats and attacks from hackers, malware, viruses, and other unauthorized sources. Therefore, it is essential to secure your operating system from unauthorized access and protect your privacy and information. Here are the top five ways to do that.

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1 Update your OS regularly

One of the easiest and most effective ways to secure your operating system is to keep it updated with the latest patches and fixes from the developer. Updates often include security enhancements, bug fixes, and performance improvements that can prevent or resolve vulnerabilities and exploits. You can check for updates manually or enable automatic updates in your OS settings. Updating your OS regularly can also improve its compatibility with other software and hardware.

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Cole Davidson

Student at Flint Hill School & KPerform Cyber, IT, & CS Intern. Attending JMU Fall 2024
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Update your OS as soon as possible, and if possible, turn on auto-updates so it will update as soon as possible. By checking and updating regularly, those updates can patch vulnerabilities that attackers could have used to gain unauthorized access.

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2 Use strong passwords and encryption

Another way to secure your operating system is to use strong passwords and encryption for your accounts, files, and devices. Passwords should be long, complex, and unique, and you should change them periodically. You can also use a password manager to store and generate passwords securely. Encryption is a process that scrambles your data and makes it unreadable without a key or a code. You can encrypt your entire hard drive, specific folders, or individual files using built-in or third-party tools. Encryption can protect your data from unauthorized access even if your device is lost or stolen.

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Cole Davidson

Student at Flint Hill School & KPerform Cyber, IT, & CS Intern. Attending JMU Fall 2024
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Don't make your password easy to guess! Use a mixture of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols. Don't make your password something that can be easily traced to you (like putting your birth year as the numbers). Another point that many people overlook is that often times people use the same username and password across multiple websites. What this means is if a website with your information is breached, attackers will try that same login information on different websites and try to do as much damage as possible. Make strong passwords, and do not reuse them.

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3 Install antivirus and firewall software

A third way to secure your operating system is to install antivirus and firewall software that can detect and block malicious programs and network traffic. Antivirus software scans your files and applications for viruses, malware, spyware, ransomware, and other threats that can harm your OS or steal your data. Firewall software monitors and filters the incoming and outgoing network traffic and prevents unauthorized connections and attacks. You should keep your antivirus and firewall software updated and run regular scans to ensure your OS is clean and safe.

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4 Limit user privileges and permissions

A fourth way to secure your operating system is to limit the user privileges and permissions that you and others have on your device. User privileges and permissions determine what actions and changes you can perform on your OS, such as installing or deleting software, modifying settings, or accessing files. You should use a standard user account for your daily activities and a separate administrator account for system maintenance and configuration. You should also restrict the access and rights of other users or guests on your device, especially if you share it with others.

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Cole Davidson

Student at Flint Hill School & KPerform Cyber, IT, & CS Intern. Attending JMU Fall 2024
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Eliminating the Guest user on a system is always a great start to security, and checking read-write-execute (chmod) permissions on files is also key. Delete old users who aren't needed and make sure User Account Control (UAC) is set as strict as possible for your needs. Don't share passwords, and don't let regular users have admin privileges.

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5 Backup your data and system

A fifth way to secure your operating system is to backup your data and system regularly. Backups are copies of your files and settings that you can restore in case of a system failure, corruption, or attack. Backups can help you recover your data and OS without losing important information or functionality. You can backup your data and system using external drives, cloud services, or other methods. You should also test your backups periodically to ensure they are working properly.

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Cole Davidson

Student at Flint Hill School & KPerform Cyber, IT, & CS Intern. Attending JMU Fall 2024
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Backing up data to the cloud is a great way to ensure your data stays safe, so if a cyberattack happens, you can wipe your system and restart with the backed-up data that can save lots of time and money. Backing up to a thumbdrive works, but it's nice to also backup to the cloud in case your computer hardware breaks.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Engin ?ztürk

IT Specialist | Cybersecurity and Information Security Instructor | CSAP | CySA+| ISO 27001 LA | ISO 31000 Risk Mgt | ISO 21434 Automotive CS ||| Motivational Speaker, Trainer, Mentor
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You may consider keeping unnecessary ports closed. If you do not have enough technical knowledge about how to do this and you are not willing to search for it, it would be a best practice to refrain from installing every program you see. This would reduce the possibility of remote access in a great deal and help your computer run smoothly.

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What are the top 5 ways to secure your operating system from unauthorized access?

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3

4

5

6

1 Update your OS regularly

2 Use strong passwords and encryption

3 Install antivirus and firewall software

4 Limit user privileges and permissions

5 Backup your data and system

6 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Science

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What are the top 5 ways to secure your operating system from unauthorized access?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Update your OS regularly

2 Use strong passwords and encryption

3 Install antivirus and firewall software

4 Limit user privileges and permissions

5 Backup your data and system

6 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Science

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