What are some tools or techniques for root cause analysis in lean process improvement?

Just for perspective: This method is called the "5 why's" because the general consensus among problem solving experts is that asking 5 times should be enough to determine the root cause of simple problems. It is important to note, however, that on occasion you may reach the root cause of the problem with less than 5 why's, or the converse could be true and it could take more than 5 why's. The most important thing to understand is that this method is appropriate only for simple problems; it will take more advanced problem solving methodology to determine the root cause of complex issues.

A metodologia dos 5 porquês consiste em, ao identificar um problema ou situa??o que precisa ser resolvida, perguntar cinco vezes por que aquilo ocorreu. Seu objetivo é encontrar a causa raiz que deu origem à situa??o, e n?o apenas o problema pontual. O uso da técnica é muito simples: ao se deparar com um problema, pergunte-se por que ele aconteceu. Tendo essa resposta, repita a pergunta mais quatro vezes. A quinta e última resposta provavelmente oferecerá uma explica??o completa sobre a quest?o.

Tools/Techniques for Root Cause Analysis in Lean ?????: 5 Whys ??? Fishbone Diagram ???? Pareto Analysis ???? Scatter Diagram ???? Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) ??? Gemba Walk ??♂??? Statistical Process Control (SPC) ???? Regression Analysis ???? Cause-and-Effect Matrix ???? Root Cause Mapping ?????

It is important to conduct root cause analysis to help identify the underlying problems that cause waste and inefficiency in a process. Ways we can incorporate include: - Pareto chart: a bar chart that shows the frequency or impact of different problems and helps prioritize improvement areas - The 5 Whys: a series of questions that drill down into the layers of a problem and reveal its root causes - Scatter diagram: a graphical representation of the relationship between two variables and how they affect each other - Fishbone diagram: a diagram that shows the causes and sub-causes of a problem and their effects - Failure mode and effects analysis: a systematic method that identifies potential failures, their causes, and their consequences.

In my experience 5 Why's is a great first tool to identify the most probable root causes and must be followed by other techniques like Ishikawa. There are many techniques we can use, however, going out to the field and observe and validate process efficiency is crucial for an accurate and successful problem solving initiative

An example I have seen involved lunch meals not being served in a timely way to customers in a restaurant. The tool made it easy to break down the six possible failure modes and ultimately found root causes in four of those modes. It was a great visual tool to help everyone see the issues quickly!

iagrama de Ishikawa que também é conhecido como Diagrama Espinha de Peixe, Diagrama Causa e Efeito ou Diagrama 6M é uma ferramenta de gest?o de qualidade, como eu já falei anteriormente. E, a sua principal fun??o é ajudar a encontrar as causas de um problema. Ou seja, ele auxilia nas análises de causa raiz de problemas. Ajudando a encontrar, organizar, classificar e exibir graficamente as possíveis causas do problema analisado

Essa técnica é baseada no famoso princípio de Pareto, também conhecido como regra 80/20. De acordo com essa regra, 80% das consequências vêm de apenas 20% das causas. Esse diagrama, também chamado de curva de distribui??o ABC, é um gráfico que organiza os aspectos relacionados a um problema em ordem de frequência, do maior para o menor. Isso nos ajuda a identificar claramente qual é a causa principal de uma consequência.

A árvore de falhas é uma ferramenta que coloca os eventos relacionados em uma sequência lógica, permitindo entender qual foi a causa raiz que gerou o problema ou situa??o. Normalmente ela é feita por meio de diagramas, criando uma representa??o visual que ajuda a identificar qual foi a falha inicial que levou ao problema principal.

S?o boas ferramentas porque s?o simples e funcionam! Todas tem algo em comum, ENTENDIMENTO através de investiga??o ou medi??o, ANáLISE e CONCLUS?O através de a??es ou direcionamento. O bom e velho PDCA tem sido base para toda melhoria de resultados.

PDSA plan-Do-Study-Method is widely used method quality improvement, it supports agile process, it can be one or multiple actions can be implemented and close the loop, to know whether, it has worked or not

Two practices are helpful. First, drawing an Ishikawa (aka fish bone) diagram to understand which of the 6 “Ms” (Man, Mother Nature, Material, Machine, Method, or Measurement) is causing the problem. Second, asking 5 “whys” helps to drill a problem down to its root causes. For instance, let’s say my cake caught fire while I was cooking it. I would ask, “why?” I’d realize I was not paying attention to the time. Why? Because I was playing video games. Why? Because I was bored. Why? Because I don’t enjoy cooking. It doesn’t always take 5 “whys,” but going through the process helps. In my example, the root cause was disinterest. Perhaps I shouldn’t be making a cake :).