What are some of the best practices and evidence-based models for community-based case management?

1 Benefits of CBCM

CBCM has several advantages over traditional case management models that are based on office visits or referrals. First, CBCM can enhance the engagement and retention of clients who may face barriers to accessing or complying with services, such as transportation, stigma, or distrust. Second, CBCM can foster a more holistic and client-centered approach to care, by taking into account the strengths, preferences, goals, and challenges of clients and their families. Third, CBCM can promote better outcomes and reduce costs, by preventing crises, hospitalizations, or institutionalizations, and by linking clients to appropriate resources and supports in their communities.

2 Core Components of CBCM

The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) outlines some common elements of CBCM, such as a small caseload and low staff-to-client ratio to facilitate frequent contact and follow-up. Additionally, a multidisciplinary team of professionals who share responsibility and accountability for client care is necessary. The service delivery should be flexible and responsive to changing needs and situations, and operate 24/7 or as needed. Furthermore, CBCM should emphasize a strength-based and empowerment-oriented perspective that recognizes and builds on the capabilities of clients and their families, while also providing culturally competent services that respect their values, beliefs, and practices. Lastly, services should be provided in the clients' preferred language and mode of communication.

3 Evidence-Based Models of CBCM

There are several models of CBCM that have been developed and tested for different populations and problems, with Assertive Community Treatment (ACT), Wraparound, and Critical Time Intervention (CTI) being the most widely used and supported by research. ACT teams typically consist of 10 to 12 staff members from various disciplines, providing a range of services such as medication management or housing support. Wraparound teams emphasize the voice and choice of the family, while CTI teams use a three-phase approach to help clients establish community connections. Research has shown these models can reduce hospitalizations, improve symptoms, reduce placement disruptions, increase family satisfaction, reduce homelessness, improve housing stability, and enhance well-being.

4 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?