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What are the most resilient structural systems for buildings?

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Buildings are exposed to various natural and human-induced hazards, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, fires, blasts, and impacts. To withstand these threats, buildings need to have resilient structural systems that can resist, absorb, and recover from the effects of extreme events. In this article, you will learn about some of the most resilient structural systems for buildings and their advantages and disadvantages.

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Shreedhar Bhat. FRICS,FICCP,FIIV

Civil Engineer, Expert in QS, Contracts, Project Management, Fellow of RICS , Certified Trainer/Enterprise Risk…
Shubham Rai

Assistant Manager - Overseas I Project Planning I Project Coordination I Detailed Project Report I Business Development…

1 Frame Systems

Frame systems are composed of columns and beams that form a rigid skeleton to support the building loads. Frame systems can be made of steel, concrete, or timber, and can be designed to have different degrees of ductility, stiffness, and redundancy. Frame systems are resilient because they can distribute the forces among multiple elements and joints, and can accommodate some deformation and damage without collapsing. However, frame systems can also suffer from instability, buckling, and connection failures under large displacements or dynamic loads.

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Matthew Palmer

Managing Director
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In the current built environment, reinforced concrete remains the dominant selected material for resilience. When designed well, in terms of durability, and with close attention to quality assurance it remains the most selected system to counter longevity. Reinforced concrete still maintains a cost effective solution and is globally available making it the most common material selected. The combinations are infinitely adaptable to suit a range of design and infrastructure which is proven to regularly maintain a service life between 50 and 100 years. Older concrete structures exist exceeding this age by more than ten times in some cases. As with all systems regular maintenance and inspection ensures a long term resilience.

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2 Shear Wall Systems

Shear wall systems are composed of vertical walls that act as deep beams to resist lateral forces from wind or seismic events. Shear wall systems can be made of reinforced concrete, masonry, or wood, and can be placed along the perimeter or the core of the building. Shear wall systems are resilient because they can provide high stiffness and strength, and reduce the torsional effects and drifts of the building. However, shear wall systems can also be brittle, vulnerable to cracking and shear failures, and difficult to integrate with architectural and functional requirements.

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Lewis P.

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I believe the most resilient and strongest building materials are the employees that show up for their shit on time, everyday with all the proper PPE for the job he or she is scheduled to do for that day. That the employees attitude is of excitement and focus on the work that needs to be finished on or before the slotted time schedule for that day,while spreading great enthusiasm and being a positive role models for his fellow employees.

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3 Braced Frame Systems

Braced frame systems are composed of diagonal braces that connect the columns and beams of a frame system, forming triangular or rectangular patterns. Braced frame systems can be made of steel, concrete, or timber, and can be designed to have different types of braces, such as concentric, eccentric, or buckling-restrained. Braced frame systems are resilient because they can enhance the lateral stiffness and strength of the frame system, and reduce the bending moments and deflections of the beams and columns. However, braced frame systems can also reduce the flexibility and openness of the floor plan, and introduce stress concentrations and fatigue problems at the brace connections.

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Shubham Rai

Assistant Manager - Overseas I Project Planning I Project Coordination I Detailed Project Report I Business Development I Microsoft Projects
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Braced Frame Systems are poised to emerge as the most resilient structural choice for buildings due to their exceptional capacity to withstand seismic forces, providing crucial stability during earthquakes. Their strategic placement within buildings offers superior lateral support, mitigating structural damage and ensuring occupant safety. As seismic risks continue to rise globally, the proven effectiveness of Braced Frame Systems positions them as the optimal choice for resilient building design, ensuring structures can withstand and recover from seismic events with minimal damage.

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4 Moment-Resisting Frame Systems

Moment-resisting frame systems are composed of beams and columns that are connected by rigid or semi-rigid joints that can transfer bending moments between the elements. Moment-resisting frame systems can be made of steel, concrete, or timber, and can be designed to have different levels of ductility, energy dissipation, and damage control. Moment-resisting frame systems are resilient because they can provide continuous load paths and large deformation capacities, and minimize the axial forces and shear stresses in the elements. However, moment-resisting frame systems can also be expensive, complex, and sensitive to the joint details and performance.

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5 Hybrid Systems

Hybrid systems are composed of combinations of different structural systems or materials that can complement each other's strengths and weaknesses. Hybrid systems can include mixed frames, composite walls, outrigger systems, base isolation systems, or damping devices. Hybrid systems are resilient because they can achieve optimal balance between stiffness, strength, ductility, and damping, and reduce the demands and damages on the individual components. However, hybrid systems can also be challenging, costly, and uncertain to design, construct, and maintain, and require careful coordination and compatibility among the different systems or materials.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Shreedhar Bhat. FRICS,FICCP,FIIV

Civil Engineer, Expert in QS, Contracts, Project Management, Fellow of RICS , Certified Trainer/Enterprise Risk Manager, IICA Qualified Independent Director, IIAM Empaneled Arbitrator, Fellow of ICCP, Chartered Valuer
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It cannot be standardized like this is the most resilient structural systems for buildings. It depends on lot of factors like Loading, Location, climatic condition, Life expectancy, availability of Skilled work force economic factor etc. Some of the Old load bearing structures are standing tall for ages. I had a house at my native with Mud wall and wooden framing stood for more than 200 years. One Carpenter built the roof frame of my house at my village without any King post for a 4 way sloped tile roofing. He created a wooden frame on the eve wall and connected with 4 Corner rafters at the Ridge and the wall Frame. The entire rafter framework 500 Sft can be lifted using the crane. This is done with wood.

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What are the most resilient structural systems for buildings?

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1 Frame Systems

2 Shear Wall Systems

3 Braced Frame Systems

4 Moment-Resisting Frame Systems

5 Hybrid Systems

6 Here’s what else to consider

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