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What are the most important UAV maintenance tasks, and how often should you perform them?

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Drones, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are becoming more popular and versatile for various applications, from photography and videography to mapping and inspection. However, to ensure your drone performs well and safely, you need to perform regular maintenance tasks on its components and systems. In this article, we will explain what are the most important UAV maintenance tasks, and how often you should perform them, based on the manufacturer's recommendations and your own experience.

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Guy Maalouf

Enabling Safe BVLOS UAS operations | WildDrone PhD candidate
Stanley Lau

Build diversified team with integrity and efficiency from ground to the sky | Demystify complex infrastructure projects…

1 Battery care

The battery is the power source of your drone, and its condition affects the flight time, performance, and safety of your UAV. You should always check the battery level before and after each flight, and charge it properly using the original charger and adapter. Avoid overcharging, over-discharging, or storing the battery in extreme temperatures or humidity. You should also inspect the battery for any signs of damage, swelling, or leakage, and replace it if necessary. Depending on the usage and quality of your battery, you may need to replace it every 6 to 12 months.

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Guy Maalouf

Enabling Safe BVLOS UAS operations | WildDrone PhD candidate
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LiPo batteries, standard in drones, consist of multiple cells with a 3.7V standard voltage, reaching 4.2V when fully charged. Avoiding below 3V when depleted and storing at 3.7~3.8V per cell extends battery life. Regularly check individual cell voltages, especially after flight, for potential defects. Due to flammability risks, store LiPo batteries in fireproof containers and use fireproof enclosures during charging. Understanding charge rates is vital. The "C" denotes the charge rate, determining safe current for charging, ranging from 0.5C to 2C. For a 5,000mAh battery with a 2C rate, the safe current is 10A. Crucially, differentiate charge and discharge rates, as discharge rates are 10 to 100 times larger.

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Stanley Lau

Build diversified team with integrity and efficiency from ground to the sky | Demystify complex infrastructure projects into rewarding collaborations
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Depends on the criticality of mission and whether you would fly over people or building/asset, you may want a closer monitor of your battery throughout the flight by battery management system (BMS) which will inspect the condition of each cell of the battery and provide alerts if they are not fit for flight via telemetry to your ground station. You may also need to put additional charge or discharge to your battery after flight to a storage capacity (3.6-3.8V per cell) if your next mission will be more than a week away. Otherwise the stored charge without timely dissipation or recharge will cause your LiPo battery to swell or damage permanently.

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Francis van Heerden

Consulting (project management)
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Battery care is the most important, after flight the batteries need charging and maintenance. But one of the aspects that are frequently overlooked is the wiring and connections. Due to oscillation and vibration when the drone is in flight, you might experience wire or lead connections problems. Ensure that all connections to your modules are secure and bound.

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Fran C. Capablanca

Drones Rpas Uas Vtol Evtol Certified Pilot
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Batteries have been and continue to be the Achilles heel of drones, it is important to have them correctly maintained and at the recommended voltages. Regular checkups are also important if the batteries are not used regularly. Charge after flying and let them drop to their storage level.

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Adolfo álvarez González

Jefe de departamento y Piloto de drones.
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Las baterías LiPo son la mayor limitante de los drones, desde la capacidad de vuelo, hasta el peligro que representan por la facilidad de incendiarse. Personalmente tomo mucho cuidado con ellas, desde la carga en un búnker con un cargador especializado que entre los sistemas de seguridad incluye termómetro para la batería mientras es cargada (siempre balanceando el voltaje entre celdas), hasta el transporte de las baterías cargadas al sitio de vuelo en recipientes a prueba de fuego. Nunca está de más checar dos veces las baterías antes de usarlas y de ser necesario equilibrar el voltaje entre las celdas.

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2 Propeller inspection

The propellers are the main components that generate thrust and lift for your drone, and they are also prone to wear and tear, cracks, and chips. You should inspect the propellers before and after each flight, and clean them with a soft cloth or brush to remove any dirt or debris. You should also tighten the propellers to ensure they are securely attached to the motors, and balance them to avoid vibrations and noise. If you notice any damage or deformation on the propellers, you should replace them immediately. You can also keep some spare propellers in your drone kit for emergency situations.

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Adolfo álvarez González

Jefe de departamento y Piloto de drones.
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Pareciera que si no tienes un choque con tu dron, ya sea una rama u otro objeto peque?o, no se da?an las hélices. Mi experiencia dice que siempre hay que revisarlas y limpiarlas antes de cada vuelo, y de preferencia entre cambios de baterías. Incluso una hélice que no esté balanceada, genera un temblor en la imágen que se busca captar por la cámara. Así que siempre es bueno tener hélices de reemplazo para desechar las que presenten algún da?o.

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3 Motor cleaning

The motors are the parts that spin the propellers and control the speed and direction of your drone. They are also exposed to dust, sand, and moisture, which can affect their performance and lifespan. You should clean the motors regularly with compressed air or a soft brush to remove any particles that may clog or damage them. You should also lubricate the bearings with a drop of oil to reduce friction and heat. If you hear any unusual sounds or feel any resistance from the motors, you should check them for any defects or malfunctions, and repair or replace them if needed.

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4 Camera calibration

The camera is the device that captures images and videos from your drone, and it may require calibration to ensure the quality and accuracy of your footage. You should calibrate the camera before each flight, or whenever you change the settings, location, or lens of your camera. You can use the app or software that comes with your drone to perform the calibration process, which usually involves adjusting the focus, exposure, white balance, and gimbal of your camera. You should also protect the camera from scratches, dust, and moisture, and clean the lens with a microfiber cloth or a lens cleaner.

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5 Firmware update

The firmware is the software that runs on your drone's hardware, and it controls the functions and features of your UAV. You should update the firmware regularly to ensure your drone has the latest improvements, bug fixes, and security patches. You can use the app or software that comes with your drone to check for any available updates, and follow the instructions to download and install them. You should always use a stable internet connection and a fully charged battery when updating the firmware, and avoid interrupting the process or turning off your drone until it is completed.

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6 Pre-flight checklist

Before each flight, it is essential to follow the pre-flight checklist to ensure your drone is ready and safe to fly. This checklist may vary depending on your drone model and the regulations of your area, but typically includes checking the weather and airspace conditions, battery level and flight time, propellers, motors, and camera for any damage or issues, the remote controller and app for any errors or warnings, the GPS signal and compass calibration, flight mode and settings, and performing a test flight and hover test. By following these maintenance tasks, you can keep your drone in optimal condition and enjoy its full potential. Additionally, always keep in mind the manufacturer's guidelines and best practices for UAV safety and maintenance.

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Adolfo álvarez González

Jefe de departamento y Piloto de drones.
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Tener una lista de verificación previa al vuelo siempre te dará la seguridad de estar haciendo las cosas de manera profesional. Evitará que tengas accidentes que son perfectamente prevenibles. Calibrar el equipo, marcar puntos de retorno, verificar voltajes, interferencias radioelectricas, el clima mismo, etc. Siempre has tu verificación.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the most important UAV maintenance tasks, and how often should you perform them?

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1 Battery care

2 Propeller inspection

3 Motor cleaning

4 Camera calibration

5 Firmware update

6 Pre-flight checklist

7 Here’s what else to consider

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