What are the most important mechanical components in autonomous vehicles?

1 Steering system

The steering system of an AV is responsible for changing the direction of the wheels and the vehicle. The steering system consists of several components, such as the steering wheel, the steering column, the steering rack, the tie rods, and the power steering pump. The steering system is connected to the sensors and the software of the AV, which send signals to the electric motors or hydraulic actuators that adjust the angle and force of the steering. The steering system of an AV must be precise, responsive, and reliable, as it affects the stability, maneuverability, and safety of the vehicle.

2 Braking system

The braking system of an AV is responsible for slowing down or stopping the vehicle when needed. The braking system consists of several components, such as the brake pedal, the brake master cylinder, the brake lines, the brake calipers, the brake pads, and the brake discs. The braking system is connected to the sensors and the software of the AV, which send signals to the electric or hydraulic pumps that apply pressure to the brake fluid and the brake pads. The braking system of an AV must be effective, consistent, and durable, as it affects the speed, traction, and safety of the vehicle.

3 Suspension system

The suspension system of an AV is responsible for absorbing the shocks and vibrations from the road and providing a smooth and comfortable ride. The suspension system consists of several components, such as the springs, the shock absorbers, the struts, the control arms, and the sway bars. The suspension system is connected to the sensors and the software of the AV, which send signals to the active or adaptive dampers that adjust the stiffness and damping of the suspension. The suspension system of an AV must be flexible, adaptive, and robust, as it affects the handling, performance, and comfort of the vehicle.

4 Powertrain system

The powertrain system of an AV is responsible for generating and transmitting the power and torque to the wheels and the vehicle. The powertrain system consists of several components, such as the engine, the transmission, the differential, the driveshaft, and the axles. The powertrain system is connected to the sensors and the software of the AV, which send signals to the electric or combustion engine that regulate the fuel or electricity consumption and the power output. The powertrain system of an AV must be efficient, reliable, and compatible, as it affects the fuel economy, emissions, and maintenance of the vehicle.

5 Cooling system

The cooling system of an AV is responsible for preventing the overheating of the engine and other components that generate heat. The cooling system consists of several components, such as the radiator, the water pump, the thermostat, the fan, and the hoses. The cooling system is connected to the sensors and the software of the AV, which send signals to the water pump and the fan that control the flow and temperature of the coolant. The cooling system of an AV must be effective, stable, and leak-proof, as it affects the performance, longevity, and safety of the vehicle.

6 Safety system

The safety system of an AV is responsible for protecting the passengers and the vehicle from collisions and other hazards. The safety system consists of several components, such as the seat belts, the airbags, the anti-lock braking system (ABS), the electronic stability control (ESC), and the collision avoidance system (CAS). The safety system is connected to the sensors and the software of the AV, which send signals to the actuators and the inflators that activate the safety features. The safety system of an AV must be sensitive, fast, and reliable, as it affects the survival, injury, and damage of the vehicle.