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What are the most effective ways to use plant biotechnology for fungal disease resistance?

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Fungal diseases are a major threat to plant health and productivity, affecting crops, forests, and ornamentals. They can reduce yield, quality, and marketability of plants, and cause significant economic losses. Plant biotechnology offers various tools and strategies to enhance fungal disease resistance in plants, from conventional breeding to genetic engineering. In this article, you will learn about some of the most effective ways to use plant biotechnology for fungal disease resistance, and the benefits and challenges of each approach.

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1 Conventional breeding

Conventional breeding is the oldest and most widely used method of improving plant traits, including disease resistance. It involves crossing plants with desirable characteristics, such as resistance to a specific fungus, and selecting the offspring with the best performance. Conventional breeding can exploit the natural genetic diversity of plants, and does not introduce foreign DNA into the plant genome. However, conventional breeding can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and limited by the availability and compatibility of genetic resources.

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Elsa Ballini

Maitre de conference chez Institut Agro Montpellier
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Mauvaise traduction du titre... J'imagine que l'IA voulait parler de création variétale ? En plus c'est un peu léger comme résumé... On sélectionne quoi ? Des gènes majeurs ? De la résistance partielle ? Des QTL? Comment faire en sorte que cette résistance soit durable ?

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Eric Sire

retraité
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C'est la méthode classique avec l'inconvénient, en récupérant un gene désiré de résistance, d'en sélectionner d'autre indésirable.

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2 Molecular markers

Molecular markers are DNA sequences that are associated with a specific trait, such as fungal disease resistance. They can be used to identify and select plants that carry the desired trait, without the need for phenotypic evaluation. Molecular markers can speed up the breeding process, increase the accuracy and efficiency of selection, and enable the transfer of resistance genes across different species. However, molecular markers require sophisticated laboratory equipment and expertise, and may not capture the complex interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors.

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Eric Sire

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Travailler inter variété représente peu de risque, quoi que ( tomate marocaine). Travailler inter espèces est une autre histoire à encadrer de très prêt.

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3 Transgenic plants

Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically modified to introduce a foreign gene that confers fungal disease resistance. The foreign gene can come from another plant, a microorganism, or an animal, and can encode for a protein that inhibits fungal growth, enhances plant defense, or degrades fungal toxins. Transgenic plants can offer a high level of resistance to a specific fungus, and can overcome the limitations of conventional breeding and molecular markers. However, transgenic plants face regulatory, ethical, and social challenges, and may pose potential risks to human health and the environment.

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Paul Rushton

Industry leader in Turf Grass and Hemp/Cannabis
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The use of transgenic plants to engineer plants with increased disease resistance holds the most promise of all technologies because it has the most chance of obtaining DURABLE resistance. This is because you can use the technology to stack multiple resistance genes. The other technologies are likely to only provide a single source of resistance that will eventually see resistant varieties evolve.

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Eric Sire

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(已编辑)
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Et le pire, c'est la défiance sur les végétaux qui représente un risque faible. Par contre on y va sans garde fou sur les êtres humains. Or quelle différence en nombre de gènes, et génomes entre le Ma?s et un être humain ? Les risques sont des millions de fois plus important sur les gènes humains.

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4 Gene editing

Gene editing is a novel technique that allows precise and targeted modification of the plant genome, without introducing foreign DNA. Gene editing can be used to insert, delete, or replace specific genes that are related to fungal disease resistance, or to create mutations that disrupt the susceptibility genes. Gene editing can create novel and diverse resistance traits, and can avoid the drawbacks of transgenic plants. However, gene editing is still a developing technology, and requires more research and validation to ensure its safety and efficacy.

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Eric Sire

retraité
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Tout a fait d'accord, mais les contr?les d' héritabilité prendrons plusieurs générations. Et il faudra atteindre les gènes de réplication.

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Jorge Luis Alonso

Agricultural Data Specialist Pivoting into AI-Driven A/B Testing | Exploring AI Applications in Agricultural Marketing Research
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I agree that gene editing requires more research and validation. In addition to scientific and technical challenges, gene editing faces significant hurdles in consumer acceptance and regulatory landscapes. Public perception, influenced by ethical, environmental, and health concerns, plays a crucial role in the adoption of new genomic technologies like CRISPR-Cas9. Addressing these concerns transparently and engaging in open dialogue with consumers and policymakers are essential for the broader acceptance and responsible utilization of gene editing in agriculture.

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5 Induced resistance

Induced resistance is a strategy that activates the plant's own defense mechanisms against fungal pathogens, without affecting its growth and development. Induced resistance can be triggered by applying biological or chemical agents to the plant, such as beneficial microbes, plant hormones, or natural compounds. Induced resistance can enhance the plant's ability to cope with various fungal stresses, and can reduce the dependence on fungicides and pesticides. However, induced resistance can be influenced by the type, dose, and timing of the inducer, and by the environmental conditions.

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Elsa Ballini

Maitre de conference chez Institut Agro Montpellier
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Je n'aurai pas forcément mis ici les biocontroles comme une biotechnologie... Il faudrait un peu mieux expliquer car il peut s'agir simplement d'utiliser un extrait de plantes comme stimulateur des défenses

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6 Future prospects

Plant biotechnology offers many opportunities and challenges for enhancing fungal disease resistance in plants. The most effective way to use plant biotechnology depends on the specific goals, resources, and constraints of each situation. In the future, plant biotechnology may benefit from the integration of multiple approaches, such as combining conventional breeding with gene editing, or transgenic plants with induced resistance. Plant biotechnology may also need to consider the potential impacts of climate change, emerging pathogens, and consumer preferences on fungal disease resistance.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Elsa Ballini

Maitre de conference chez Institut Agro Montpellier
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Il faudrait aussi prendre en compte le système de culture, les pratiques alternatives. On ne lutte pas contre un agent pathogène si on construit tout un système de culture plus diversifié avec des associations variétales par exemple. Les pratiques agronomiques permettent aussi de limiter les problèmes... Cet article correspond à une agriculture intensive mais ne prends pas en compte les propositions qui sont possibles dans d'autres types d'agriculture

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What are the most effective ways to use plant biotechnology for fungal disease resistance?

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1 Conventional breeding

2 Molecular markers

3 Transgenic plants

4 Gene editing

5 Induced resistance

6 Future prospects

7 Here’s what else to consider

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