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What are the most effective ways to mitigate vibration and noise in industrial equipment?

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Vibration and noise are common problems in industrial equipment, such as pumps, compressors, fans, turbines, and generators. They can affect the performance, reliability, safety, and comfort of the equipment and its surroundings. Therefore, it is important to find effective ways to mitigate them and reduce their negative impacts. In this article, you will learn about some of the most effective methods to control vibration and noise in industrial equipment, based on the principles of structural engineering and structural dynamics.

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Vyacheslav M. Ryaboy

Fellow and Chief Mechanical Engineer at MKS Photonics Solutions Division (Newport Corporation)

1 Identify the sources

The first step to mitigate vibration and noise is to identify the sources that cause them. These can be internal or external to the equipment, and they can be classified into three types: mechanical, aerodynamic, and acoustic. Mechanical sources include unbalanced forces, misalignment, friction, wear, and looseness. Aerodynamic sources include flow-induced vibrations, turbulence, pressure fluctuations, and cavitation. Acoustic sources include sound waves, resonance, and feedback. By identifying the sources, you can determine the frequency, amplitude, and direction of the vibration and noise, and choose the appropriate mitigation methods.

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Vyacheslav M. Ryaboy

Fellow and Chief Mechanical Engineer at MKS Photonics Solutions Division (Newport Corporation)
举报内容
See an illustration of the typical sources of vibration in buildings in Vibration Control for Optomechanical Systems, World Scientific, 2022, Figure 1.1 on page 2; ISBN 9789811237331 (free access to Chapter 1 from the publisher's website). Reducing vibrations at their source is the best way of vibration control, but it is often not feasible.

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2 Apply damping

Damping is the process of dissipating the energy of vibration and noise into heat or other forms of energy. Damping can reduce the amplitude and duration of vibration and noise, and prevent resonance and amplification. Damping can be applied in different ways, such as using viscoelastic materials, rubber mounts, fluid dampers, or tuned mass dampers. Damping materials can be attached to the equipment or the structure that supports it, depending on the location and mode of vibration and noise. Damping can also be combined with isolation and absorption methods to enhance the mitigation effect.

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Vyacheslav M. Ryaboy

Fellow and Chief Mechanical Engineer at MKS Photonics Solutions Division (Newport Corporation)
举报内容
Damping treatments of structures include free-layer damping treatments, constrained-layer damping treatments, integral damping treatments, and damping links. Tuned mass dampers, or dynamic vibration absorbers, are very effective in a wide area of applications. They are add-on devices that can be used to suppress unexpected resonance vibration in the late stage of design and system integration, or even in the field. See Vibration Control for Optomechanical Systems, WSPC, 2022, Chapter 7: Vibration Damping. Active vibration damping (ibid., Section 9.2) is a more sophisticated method of damping.

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3 Use isolation

Isolation is the process of separating the equipment from the structure or the environment that transmits or receives vibration and noise. Isolation can reduce the transfer of vibration and noise from one part to another, and protect the equipment and the structure from damage and fatigue. Isolation can be achieved by using springs, pads, bearings, or couplings that have low stiffness and high damping. Isolation can also be designed to match the natural frequency of the equipment or the structure, so that they do not resonate with each other. Isolation can also be combined with damping and absorption methods to enhance the mitigation effect.

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Vyacheslav M. Ryaboy

Fellow and Chief Mechanical Engineer at MKS Photonics Solutions Division (Newport Corporation)
举报内容
Principles of vibration isolators and various types of isolators (spring-based, elastomeric, pneumatic) are reviewed in Chapter 6 of my recent book, Vibration Control for Optomechanical Systems, WSPC, 2022. Active vibration isolation is treated in Chapter 9.

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4 Add absorption

Absorption is the process of converting the sound energy into heat or other forms of energy. Absorption can reduce the reflection and reverberation of noise, and improve the acoustic quality of the environment. Absorption can be applied by using porous materials, such as foam, fiberglass, or mineral wool, that have high airflow resistance and low density. Absorption materials can be placed on the walls, ceilings, floors, or enclosures of the equipment or the structure, depending on the source and direction of noise. Absorption can also be combined with damping and isolation methods to enhance the mitigation effect.

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5 Modify the design

Another way to mitigate vibration and noise is to modify the design of the equipment or the structure, so that they have less potential to generate or transmit vibration and noise. This can be done by using computational tools, such as finite element analysis, modal analysis, or harmonic analysis, to simulate and optimize the dynamic behavior and response of the equipment or the structure. Some of the design modifications that can reduce vibration and noise include changing the geometry, material, mass, stiffness, or damping properties of the equipment or the structure, or adding or removing features, such as ribs, holes, or slots.

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Vyacheslav M. Ryaboy

Fellow and Chief Mechanical Engineer at MKS Photonics Solutions Division (Newport Corporation)
举报内容
Finding the "weak points" of the structural system that could be modified by changing local stiffness, adding damping, etc., require careful troubleshooting. You can find some guidance and case studies in the recent book, Vibration Control for Optomechanical Systems, World Scientific, 2022, Chapter 8.

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6 Implement maintenance

The last but not least way to mitigate vibration and noise is to implement regular and preventive maintenance of the equipment and the structure. Maintenance can prevent or correct the deterioration or malfunction of the equipment or the structure, which can cause or increase vibration and noise. Maintenance can include inspecting, cleaning, lubricating, adjusting, repairing, or replacing the components of the equipment or the structure, such as bearings, seals, valves, blades, or bolts. Maintenance can also involve monitoring and measuring the vibration and noise levels, and identifying and diagnosing the problems and causes.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the most effective ways to mitigate vibration and noise in industrial equipment?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Identify the sources

2 Apply damping

3 Use isolation

4 Add absorption

5 Modify the design

6 Implement maintenance

7 Here’s what else to consider

Structural Engineering

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What are the most effective ways to mitigate vibration and noise in industrial equipment?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Identify the sources

2 Apply damping

3 Use isolation

4 Add absorption

5 Modify the design

6 Implement maintenance

7 Here’s what else to consider

Structural Engineering

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