What are the most effective ways to make a building more comfortable for its users?

Thermal comfort was earlier defined universally as a range of temperature and Relative humidity that humans find comfortable - generally around 19 to 22 celcius. New research in 21st century has changed Thermal comfort as relative to clothing of inhabitants. An index number is provided called CLO value which affects how people respond to temperature. Despite this, more research is needed in warmer countries on how wind, ventilation, microclimate, etc affect comfort. As humans of a specific region evolve to suit the local climate.

As an experienced architect, the best way to make a building more comfortable for its users is to use a human-centered design approach. For example, in the design of residential buildings, the needs of families in terms of space, light, sound, heat and air conditioning should be taken into account. For this purpose, architects can use active design strategies such as the use of smart systems, heat preservation systems and shading. To make the building more comfortable for its users, new and innovative methods should be used in design. For example, the use of light and sustainable materials in the building reduces energy costs and increases the comfort of users.

Physical factors inside a building that directly influence the comfort level of its occupants include the radiant temperature of interior surfaces (walls, floors, ceilings, openings, etc.), as well as the temperature and speed of indoor air, and its relative humidity.

Acoustic comfort is the most under designed comfort criteria. Often buildings are loaded with sound absorbers in the name of acoustic comfort. Not all sound is noise, and people need ambient sound to feel comfortable. People dont enjoy the silence of a recording studio (where silence is needed). For most common areas, opening to nature does the job. It provided an escape route to noise while allowing in sound of water, bird chirp, etc. Specialised spacea like auditrium, meeting rooms, recording studios need professional sound design and combinations of absorbers and sometimes reflectors.

In my opinion, you should pay special attention to acoustic principles in the design of buildings that are used for audio activities such as conferences, classrooms, and sound studios. In this case, sound absorbing materials with high efficiency and sound panels with appropriate thickness should be used to reduce sound reflection. Also, air conditioning systems with low noise and lighting systems with minimal impact on sound should be used. Finally, to make the building more comfortable for its users, attention should be paid to the diversity of users' needs. For example, in the design of educational buildings, the needs of students, professors and staff should be considered.

20th century offices were flooded with cool light as they believed it kept users awake and active. In reality uv light causes discomfort. New age thinking works on following aspects to ensure comfort - LUX levels of lights needed for activity - Colour temperature suitable for the mood of the space - Distribution of light - Maximizing Daylight - Avoiding reflection and glass - Flexiblity to control the above by time of the day and seasons

I think using the right colors on the walls, ceilings and carpets can help create a calm and satisfying environment. For example, cool colors like blue and green help create a sense of calm and good mood, while warm colors like red and orange help create a feeling of energy and freshness. Using light sources with glare and high contrast may cause eye fatigue. To avoid this problem, architects should use appropriate lighting technologies and consider appropriate methods for light distribution in the building.

When considering ergonomics, it is pivotal to remember that the design ought to enhance our body's natural movement and not force it into anything for the sake of aesthetics. In designing spaces or furniture, consider ease, freedom and encouragement of movement.

El confort social no es un topico aislado que dependa necesariamente de la voluntad creativa aislada y personal del arquitecto. En cambio, su participación activa y critica, permiten si, el entendimiento de dinamicas sociales que fomentan o permitan un mejor desarrollo de las interacciones sociales, barriales o comunitarias. Visualizar el asunto como un "item", encapsula la posibilidad de abordar la relación interna de los clientes (sea esta una familiar o un grupo de trabajo) con su entorno, como se trasladan a su lugar de destino, como se relacionan entre si y con los bienes y servicios adyacentes o de zona. Cual es la relación (o capacidad de acceso) a espacio publico, a áreas verdes o de esparcimiento. En suma, el ser en su entorno.

The primary and essential approach for an architect is active listening. Understanding precisely what the user needs is paramount. Once this insight is achieved, incorporating elements such as ergonomic considerations, optimal lighting, and spatial flexibility becomes integral to ensuring that all other comforts seamlessly follow.

Psychological comfort is missed here. One understanding that I have about this topic of comfort is loosely tied with the concept of "entropy" --disorder. Every person has his/her own balance of order/disorder in the spaces the person uses. Too much of order and the place can even be sterile and hostile. Too much of disorder and the person is continually troubled by continually negotiating and trying to deal with the needs of the space. Architecture is a very tough design field: it is really tough to achieve a correct "entropy" for all. In fact the same person may have differing expectations: I may not like being distracted by the design around me as I work but as I get from my chair, I may be more engaged. Deep empathy is sorely needed!

The first an most important step to make buildings more comfortable for it's user is to define what comfort for the specific use means! Help the client by asking questions and translate wishes in requirements. After this is clear you can use the simulation methods above effectively.

Creo que la suma de todas las consideraciones anteriores. El mantener al mayor número de usuarios dentro de los parámetros de confort de todo el espectro que se menciona.

7. Architectural Form and Space Performance performance in this topic is the degree to which people feel satisfied with the possibilities of the environment is called Affordance. It depends on user ability too. so there is the interaction between humans and the environment considered by architects.