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What are the most effective funding models for open access publishing?

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Open access publishing is the practice of making scholarly research freely available online, without charging readers or authors fees. It aims to increase the visibility, accessibility, and impact of research, as well as promote academic freedom and social justice. However, open access publishing also poses significant challenges for the sustainability and quality of scholarly communication, especially in terms of funding models. In this article, you will learn about the most common and effective funding models for open access publishing, and how they affect different stakeholders in the research ecosystem.

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Luis Enrique Lescano Borrego

Automatizo bibliotecas con tecnología ?? | Formo a los bibliotecarios del futuro ?? | Sigue mi contenido para…
Pedro Bertazzi

Bibliotecário | Ciência da Informa??o | Bibliotecas Públicas

1 Subscription model

The subscription model is the traditional way of funding scholarly publishing, where readers or libraries pay for access to journals or articles. This model creates a barrier for access, especially for researchers and institutions in low-income countries, who cannot afford the high subscription fees. It also limits the dissemination and reuse of research, as most subscription journals impose strict copyright and licensing terms on authors and users. The subscription model is often criticized for creating a "serials crisis", where the rising costs of journals exceed the budgets of libraries and force them to cancel subscriptions.

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Pedro Bertazzi

Bibliotecário | Ciência da Informa??o | Bibliotecas Públicas
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O modelo de assinatura já n?o está sendo um bom modelo atual para pesquisadores, editores e bibliotecários. Com o avan?o da divulga??o constante de informa??es para todos os públicos, é bom pensar que várias pessoas dentro e fora do mundo acadêmico conseguem ter acesso à informa??o que far?o com que repensem se realmente vale a pena aderir ao modelo de assinatura. Muitas bibliotecas cancelaram suas assinaturas em alguns periódicos, visto problemas com revis?o de pares e até divulga??o de artigos científicos sem crivo científico e sem uma revis?o boa. Acredito que para o modelo ainda se persistir como uma forma tradicional e constante, terá que aderir a uma série de mudan?as.

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2 APC model

The APC model is the most widely used alternative to the subscription model, where authors or their funders pay a fee to the publisher to make their articles open access. This model shifts the cost from the reader to the author, and allows anyone to access and use the research without restrictions. However, the APC model also has some drawbacks, such as creating a financial burden for authors, especially those from low-income countries or unfunded disciplines. It also creates a potential conflict of interest for publishers, who may favor articles that generate more revenue, rather than those that have more merit or quality.

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Luis Enrique Lescano Borrego

Automatizo bibliotecas con tecnología ?? | Formo a los bibliotecarios del futuro ?? | Sigue mi contenido para mantenerte actualizado ??
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En mi opinión el APC traslada el costo a las instituciones y muchas son gubernamentales por lo que el costo directamente lo está pagando el contribuyente. Esto sucede mucho en los países de Latinoamérica, y debido a que se está aplicando un pago los editores se inclina por los más pagados, por lo que no se prioriza la calidad de los artículos.

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3 Membership model

The membership model is a variation of the APC model, where institutions or consortia pay a fee to the publisher to cover the costs of open access publishing for their affiliated authors. This model reduces the administrative burden and uncertainty for authors, who do not have to pay individual APCs or seek funding for them. It also creates a more stable and predictable revenue stream for publishers, who can offer discounts or waivers for members. However, the membership model also has some limitations, such as excluding authors who are not affiliated with any member institution, or creating a dependency on a few large institutions or consortia.

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Pedro Bertazzi

Bibliotecário | Ciência da Informa??o | Bibliotecas Públicas
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Um modelo de associa??o que possa ser extremamente relevante é o financiamento ou parceria de setores públicos ligados à ciência. Assim, esses setores criam parcerias com as editoras que permitem a publica??o de forma gratuita, uma vez que há financiamento público. Isso é importante, uma vez que um país que se importa com o avan?o científico e a promulga??o da ciência, deve investir com que os avan?os em diversas áreas de estudos cheguem aos seus pares e também à popula??o. Dessa forma, com esse modelo de associa??o, é possível com que haja mais acesso aberto nas pesquisas desenvolvidas no território.

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4 Freemium model

The freemium model is a hybrid approach that combines free and premium services, where the basic version of the article is open access, but the enhanced version with additional features or formats is available for a fee. This model allows publishers to generate income from value-added services, such as multimedia, data, peer review, or editing, while still providing free access to the core content of the article. However, the freemium model also has some challenges, such as determining the optimal balance between free and premium services, or ensuring the quality and consistency of the free version.

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5 Donation model

The donation model is a philanthropic way of funding open access publishing, where publishers rely on voluntary contributions from individuals or organizations to cover their costs. This model eliminates the financial barriers for both authors and readers, and allows publishers to operate independently from market pressures or political influences. However, the donation model also has some risks, such as being unsustainable or unreliable in the long term, or being influenced by the agendas or preferences of the donors.

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Pedro Bertazzi

Bibliotecário | Ciência da Informa??o | Bibliotecas Públicas
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Associa??es poderiam incentivar campanhas de doa??o para o financiamento de publica??o em acesso aberto. é extremamente relevante para os pesquisadores que as suas pesquisas cheguem o mais longe possível e assim, é importante que também entendam a relevancia de aderirem a movimentos que visam sustentar e promover o acesso aberto.

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6 Cooperative model

The cooperative model is a collaborative way of funding open access publishing, where publishers are owned and governed by their stakeholders, such as authors, editors, reviewers, librarians, or societies. This model fosters a sense of community and shared responsibility among the stakeholders, and allows them to set their own policies and standards for open access publishing. However, the cooperative model also has some difficulties, such as managing the diverse and sometimes conflicting interests of the stakeholders, or ensuring the financial viability and scalability of the cooperative.

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Meredith Eliassen

Associate Librarian, Lecturer/Special Collections Librarian at San Francisco State University
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In theory this is the best solution for academic institutions that are connected systematically and share overarching collective goals. The cooperative model can become mechanism for the shared vision and the platform of scaffolding for faculty-student publishing growth. In practice… where there is academic freedom and diverse modes for disseminating creative and intellectual expression across diverse fields of study. It is hard to maintain a single platform for open access… we still need to graze.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Pedro Bertazzi

Bibliotecário | Ciência da Informa??o | Bibliotecas Públicas
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Um ponto relevante a ser considerado nesse debate é sobre como que se dá o financiamento e os custos da editora??o e publica??o de artigos científicos. Algumas revistas prezam pelo pagamento, mas n?o tanto em um fluxo de informa??o científica e editora??o científica que beneficie os estudos publicados. O que será relevante ainda financiar como uma editora??o científica? Será que chegamos em uma época em que o acesso aberto deixou de ser apenas um tópico de debate e passou a ser um ponto crítico para ativar vários grupos de trabalhos para efetivá-lo e assim, conseguir trazer maiores contribui??es à ciência?

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Batuhan Av?aro?lu

Dr. Research Assistant - PhD in Sociology
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On my experience, ? was working as a librarian at Beylikdüzü Municipal Public Libraries, ?stanbul, Türkiye, we achive to complete an International Project called “Library for Everyone” which was funded by Bill And Melinda Gates Foundation. In this porject we organize and set up library materials like braille printer, 3D printer, audio book studio and many other things for disadvantaged individuals. On my opinion this project was benefical to fund this opportunities.

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What are the most effective funding models for open access publishing?

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2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Subscription model

2 APC model

3 Membership model

4 Freemium model

5 Donation model

6 Cooperative model

7 Here’s what else to consider

Library Services

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What are the most effective funding models for open access publishing?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Subscription model

2 APC model

3 Membership model

4 Freemium model

5 Donation model

6 Cooperative model

7 Here’s what else to consider

Library Services

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