What are the key steps to cloud system migration?

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Cloud system migration is the process of moving applications, data, and infrastructure from on-premise or legacy systems to cloud-based services. Cloud system migration can offer many benefits, such as scalability, flexibility, security, and cost-efficiency. However, it also requires careful planning, execution, and monitoring to avoid common pitfalls and ensure a successful transition. In this article, we will discuss the key steps to cloud system migration and how to apply best practices for each stage.

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1 Assess your current state

Before you start migrating to the cloud, you need to assess your current state and identify your goals, requirements, and constraints. This will help you determine the scope, complexity, and feasibility of your migration project. You should also evaluate the performance, functionality, and dependencies of your existing applications and data, and decide which ones are suitable for cloud migration and which ones need to be re-engineered, replaced, or retired. Additionally, you should assess your current security, compliance, and governance policies and how they will change in the cloud environment.

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Lars Gustavsson

Leader, Cloud and Infrastructure SME and Agile enthusiast
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Before the assessment, I think a more general strategy needs to be in place. Is Cloud migration part of your organisations IT-strategy and why. If that is in place, the consider the pace of your migration, this will influence the next steps and what level of assessment you need to do.

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2 Choose your cloud service model

The next step is to choose your cloud service model, which defines the level of control, responsibility, and customization you have over your cloud resources. There are three main types of cloud service models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS provides the lowest level of abstraction and the highest level of flexibility, as you can manage your own servers, storage, and networks in the cloud. PaaS provides a higher level of abstraction and a lower level of flexibility, as you can use the cloud provider's platforms and tools to develop and deploy your applications. SaaS provides the highest level of abstraction and the lowest level of flexibility, as you can access the cloud provider's applications and services without any management or maintenance.

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Lars Gustavsson

Leader, Cloud and Infrastructure SME and Agile enthusiast
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To be clear, i have seen few companies select a single service model, this will be a mix, and the mix depends on your strategy and the migration pace. Also beware that even within a service model the maintenance and management will differ and is not always obvious. Consult with experts!

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3 Select your cloud provider and region

The third step is to select your cloud provider and region, which will affect the availability, performance, cost, and compliance of your cloud system. There are many cloud providers in the market, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and IBM Cloud. Each provider has its own strengths, weaknesses, features, and pricing models. You should compare and contrast the different providers and choose the one that best suits your needs and budget. You should also consider the location and network latency of your cloud provider's regions and zones, and select the ones that are closest to your users and data sources.

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4 Plan your migration strategy

The fourth step is to plan your migration strategy, which will determine how you will move your applications and data to the cloud. There are different migration strategies, such as rehosting, replatforming, refactoring, repurchasing, and retiring. Rehosting, also known as lift-and-shift, is the simplest and fastest strategy, as it involves moving your applications and data to the cloud without any changes. Replatforming, also known as lift-and-tinker, is a slightly more complex and time-consuming strategy, as it involves making some minor modifications to your applications and data to optimize them for the cloud. Refactoring, also known as re-architecting, is the most complex and costly strategy, as it involves redesigning your applications and data to leverage the cloud-native features and services. Repurchasing, also known as drop-and-shop, is a strategy that involves replacing your existing applications and data with new ones that are already available in the cloud. Retiring, also known as decommissioning, is a strategy that involves eliminating the applications and data that are no longer needed or relevant.

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5 Execute your migration plan

The fifth step is to execute your migration plan, which will involve moving your applications and data to the cloud in batches or phases. You should follow a well-defined migration process that includes testing, validation, and verification of your cloud system before, during, and after the migration. You should also use the appropriate tools and methods to migrate your applications and data, such as cloud migration services, backup and restore tools, data replication tools, or code conversion tools. You should also monitor and troubleshoot any issues or errors that may arise during the migration and resolve them as quickly as possible.

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6 Optimize your cloud system

The sixth and final step is to optimize your cloud system, which will involve improving the performance, efficiency, security, and reliability of your cloud system. You should review and adjust your cloud system configuration, architecture, and resources to ensure that they meet your business and technical objectives. You should also implement best practices for cloud system management, such as automation, orchestration, scaling, backup, recovery, monitoring, logging, and auditing. You should also measure and evaluate the outcomes and benefits of your cloud system migration and identify any areas for improvement or enhancement.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Lars Gustavsson

Leader, Cloud and Infrastructure SME and Agile enthusiast
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Generally i find these steps helpful but in reality most companies I have seen do them interweaved, you dont assess and move your whole workload at once, you probably start testing with a single app or team, then another, then migrate a third, then move another four, then optimised a previous. Test, explore, grow your organisations Cloud skills and bite bigger and bigger chunks out of your legacy workload to migrate or transform into the cloud. And use experts! Either employ them or hire them to teach your own teams.

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What are the key steps to cloud system migration?

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1 Assess your current state

2 Choose your cloud service model

3 Select your cloud provider and region

4 Plan your migration strategy

5 Execute your migration plan

6 Optimize your cloud system

7 Here’s what else to consider

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