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What are the key factors to consider when evaluating qualitative research publications?

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Qualitative research publications are a valuable source of insights and knowledge for economists, but they also pose some challenges and limitations. How can you assess the quality and validity of a qualitative study, and what are the key factors to consider when evaluating its findings? In this article, we will discuss some of the main aspects of qualitative research, such as the research design, the data collection and analysis methods, the ethical issues, the reflexivity and positionality of the researcher, and the trustworthiness and transferability of the results.

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1 Research design

The research design of a qualitative study refers to the overall plan and strategy that guides the data collection and analysis process. It should be clear, coherent, and relevant to the research question and objectives. Some of the common types of qualitative research designs are case studies, ethnographies, phenomenologies, grounded theories, and narrative analyses. Each of these designs has its own strengths and weaknesses, and requires different methods and techniques to collect and analyze data. You should evaluate whether the chosen design is appropriate for the topic, context, and purpose of the study, and whether it addresses the research gap and contributes to the existing literature.

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Alyssa Landers, M.A

Senior Project Coordinator | Regulatory & Compliance Specialist
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In qualitative research, yes there’s a topic of interest, but the thesis is typically generated by the responses, as opposed to postulated by the researcher. The purpose of qualitative research is to investigate the topic with as unbiased an approach as possible. This can be challenging, but reduces or eliminates the phenomenon of confirmation bias that dominates so much of the research generated quantitative methods.

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2 Data collection and analysis methods

The data collection and analysis methods of a qualitative study refer to the specific ways that the researcher gathers and interprets the data. Qualitative data can be obtained from various sources, such as interviews, observations, documents, artifacts, or visual materials. The researcher should explain how they selected the data sources, how they accessed them, how they ensured their reliability and validity, and how they dealt with any challenges or limitations. Qualitative data analysis can involve different approaches, such as coding, thematic analysis, discourse analysis, content analysis, or narrative analysis. The researcher should describe how they organized, categorized, and synthesized the data, how they identified the patterns and themes, and how they used the relevant theoretical frameworks or concepts to support their arguments.

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Alyssa Landers, M.A

Senior Project Coordinator | Regulatory & Compliance Specialist
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This is probably the toughest one to conquer in qualitative research, which is by nature to some extent observational. Though a well-developed clinical interview administered as consistently as possible across all subjects, there’s only so much structure the researcher can add here, as it’s designed to elicit open-ended responses from subjects (as opposed to limited options as in quantitative measures). Valuable data can still be gleaned from the results, but the process of reverse coding subject responses to qualitative questions is quite laborious and time-consuming. I’d suggest recording qualitative responses on video for more accuracy re: reverse coding.

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3 Ethical issues

The ethical issues of a qualitative study refer to the moral principles and standards that the researcher should follow when conducting the research. Qualitative research often involves sensitive topics, vulnerable populations, or personal information, which can raise some ethical dilemmas and risks. The researcher should demonstrate how they obtained the informed consent of the participants, how they protected their privacy and confidentiality, how they respected their rights and dignity, how they avoided any harm or coercion, and how they addressed any conflicts of interest or biases. The researcher should also adhere to the ethical guidelines and codes of conduct of their discipline, institution, or journal.

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4 Reflexivity and positionality

The reflexivity and positionality of the researcher refer to the awareness and acknowledgment of their own role, perspective, and influence on the research process and outcomes. Qualitative research is subjective and interpretive, which means that the researcher is not a neutral or detached observer, but an active and involved participant. The researcher should reflect on how their personal background, experiences, values, beliefs, assumptions, and expectations shape their research choices, interactions, and interpretations. The researcher should also position themselves in relation to the research topic, context, and participants, and consider how their social identity, power, and privilege affect their access, rapport, and representation.

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5 Trustworthiness and transferability

The trustworthiness and transferability of the results refer to the criteria and indicators that the researcher should use to evaluate the quality and rigor of the qualitative study. Trustworthiness refers to the extent to which the results are credible, dependable, confirmable, and authentic, meaning that they reflect the reality and complexity of the phenomenon under study, that they are consistent and accurate, that they can be verified and supported by evidence, and that they are truthful and ethical. Transferability refers to the extent to which the results are applicable, relevant, and useful to other contexts, settings, or situations, meaning that they can be generalized or adapted to different cases, populations, or problems. The researcher should provide sufficient details, descriptions, and explanations to enable the readers to assess the trustworthiness and transferability of the results, and to compare and contrast them with their own experiences or knowledge.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the key factors to consider when evaluating qualitative research publications?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Research design

2 Data collection and analysis methods

3 Ethical issues

4 Reflexivity and positionality

5 Trustworthiness and transferability

6 Here’s what else to consider

Economics

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What are the key factors to consider when evaluating qualitative research publications?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Research design

2 Data collection and analysis methods

3 Ethical issues

4 Reflexivity and positionality

5 Trustworthiness and transferability

6 Here’s what else to consider

Economics

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